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STEVENSON, ROBERT (1772-1850)

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 907 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STEVENSON, See also:ROBERT (1772-1850) , Scottish engineer, was the only son of Alan Stevenson, partner in a See also:West See also:Indian See also:house in See also:Glasgow, and was See also:born in that See also:city on the 8th of See also:June 1772. He was educated at See also:Anderson's See also:College, Glasgow, and See also:Edinburgh University. In his youth he assisted his stepfather, See also:Thomas See also:Smith, in his lighthouse schemes, and at the See also:age of nineteen was sent to superintend the erection of a lighthouse on the See also:island of Little Cumbrae. Subsequently he succeeded Smith, whose daughter he married in 1799, as engineer to the Commissioners of See also:Northern Lighthouses, and during his See also:period of See also:office, from 1797 to 1843, he designed and executed a large number of lighthouses, the most important being that on the See also:Bell See also:Rock, begun in 1807. For its See also:illumination he introduced an improved apparatus, and he was also the author of various valuable inventions in connexion with See also:lighting, including the intermittent and flashing See also:lights, and the See also:mast See also:lantern for lightships. As a See also:civil engineer he improved the approaches to Edinburgh, including that by the Calton See also:Hill, constructed harbours, docks and breakwaters, improved See also:river and See also:canal See also:navigation, and constructed several important See also:bridges. In consequence of observations made by him See also:George See also:Stephenson advocated the use of malleable- instead of See also:cast-See also:iron rails for See also:railways, and he was the inventor of the movable jib and See also:balance See also:cranes. Chiefly through his interposition an See also:admiralty survey was established, from which the admiralty sailing directions for the coasts of See also:Great See also:Britain and See also:Ireland have been prepared. Stevenson published an See also:Account of the Bell Rock Lighthouse in 1824, and, besides contributing important articles on See also:engineering subjects to See also:Brewster's Edinburgh See also:Encyclopaedia and the Encyclopaedia Britannica, was the author of various papers read before learned See also:societies. He died at Edinburgh on the 12th of See also:July 185o. Of his See also:family, three sons, Alan, See also:David and Thomas, attained distinction as lighthouse See also:engineers. The eldest, ALAN (1807-1865), eventually became a partner with his See also:father, whom he succeeded as engineer to the Commissioners of Northern See also:Light-houses in 1843.

The most noteworthy lighthouse designed by him is Skerryvore on the west See also:

coast of See also:Scotland, an isolated See also:tower of which the first See also:stone was laid in 184o and which first showed its light in 1843. He published an Account of the Skerryvore Lighthouse in 1848, and a Rudimentary See also:Treatise on the See also:History, Construction and Illumination of Lighthouses in 185o, and he wrote the See also:article on lighthouses in the 8th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. The third son, DAVID (1815-1886), was at first engaged on See also:land and marine surveys and in railway See also:work. In 1837 he made a tour in See also:North See also:America, which gave rise to his See also:Sketch of the Civil Engineering of North America (1838), and on his return became a partner in his . father's business. In 1853 he and his youngest See also:brother Thomas were appointed See also:joint engineers to the Commissioners of Northern Lighthouses in See also:succession to their brother Alan, and he designed many light-houses not only in Scotland but also in New See also:Zealand, See also:India and See also:Japan. His books include Marine See also:Surveying (1842), Canal and River Engineering (1858), Reclamation and See also:Protection of Agricultural Land (1874), and See also:Life of Robert Stevenson (1878), and he was also a contributor to the 8th and 9th See also:editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. The youngest son, THOMAS (1818-1887), joined his father's business in 1846, and as joint engineer to the Commissioners of Northern Lighthouses from 1853 to 1885 introduced various improvements in lighthouse illumination,, which were described in the article on lighthouses he wrote for the 9th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. He was also deeply interested in See also:meteorology, and in 1864 designed the Stevenson See also:screen widely used for the sheltering of thermometers. He was the father of Robert See also:Louis Stevenson.

End of Article: STEVENSON, ROBERT (1772-1850)

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