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See also:MARIE See also:LOUISE (1791-1847) , second wife of See also:Napoleon I., was the daughter of See also:Francis I., See also:emperor of See also:Austria, and of the princess See also:Theresa of See also:Naples, and was See also:born on the 12th of See also:December 1991. Her disposition, fresh and natural but lacking the qualities that make for distinction, gave no promise of See also:eminence until reasons of See also:state brought Napoleon shortly after his See also:divorce of See also:Josephine to See also:sue for her See also:hand (see NAPOLEON and JOSEPHINE). It is probable, though not quite certain, that the first suggestions as to this See also:marriage See also:alliance emanated secretly from the See also:Austrian See also:chancellor, 1VIetternich. The See also:prince de Ligne claimed to have been instrumental in arranging it. In any See also:case the proposal was well received at See also:Paris both by Napoleon and by his ministers; and though there were difficulties respecting the divorce, of Josephine, yet these were surmounted in a way satisfactory to the emperor and the prelates of Austria. The marriage took See also:place by See also:proxy in the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St See also:Augustine, See also:Vienna, on the 11th of See also:March 181o. The new empress was escorted into See also:France by See also:Queen See also:Caroline See also:Murat, for whom she soon conceived a feeling of distrust. The See also:civil and religious contracts took place at Paris See also:early in See also:April, and during the See also:honeymoon, spent at the See also:palace of See also:Compiegne, the emperor showed the greatest regard for his wife. " He is so evidently in love with her," wrote Metternich " that he cannot conceal his feelings, and all his customary ways of See also:life are subordinate to her wishes." His joy was See also:complete when on the 20th of March 1811 she See also:bore him a son who was destined to See also:bear the empty titles of " See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Rome " and " Napoleon II." The regard of Napoleon for his See also:consort was evidenced shortly before the See also:birth of this prince, when he bade the physicians, if the lives of the See also:mother and of the See also:child could not both be saved, to spare her life. Under Marie Louise the See also:etiquette of the See also:court of France became more stately and the See also:ritual of religious ceremonies more elaborate. Before the See also:campaign of 1812 she accompanied the emperor to See also:Dresden; but after that See also:scene of splendour misfortunes crowded upon Napoleon. In See also:January 1814 he appointed her to See also:act as See also:regent of France (with See also:Joseph See also:Bonaparte as See also:lieutenant-See also:general) during his See also:absence in the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field.
At the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of Napoleon's first See also:abdication (April 11, 1814), Joseph and See also:Jerome Bonaparte tried to keep the empress under some measure of See also:restraint at See also:Blois; but she succeeded in reaching her See also:father the emperor Francis while Napoleon was on his way to See also:Elba. She, along with her son, was escorted into Austria by See also:Count von Neipperg, and refused to comply with the entreaties and commands of Napoleon to proceed to Elba; and her See also:alienation from him was completed when he ventured to threaten her with a forcible See also:abduction if she did not obey. During the See also:Hundred Days she remained in Austria and manifested no See also:desire for the success of Napoleon in France. At the See also:Congress of Vienna the See also:Powers awarded to her and her son the duchies of See also:Parma, See also:Piacenza and See also:Guastalla, in conformity with the terms of the treaty of See also:Fontainebleau (March, 1814) ; in spite of the determined opposition of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XVIII. she gained this right for herself owing largely to the support of the emperor See also:Alexander, but she failed to make See also:good the claims of her son to the See also:inheritance (see NAPOLEON II.). She proceeded alone to Parma, where she See also:fell more and more under the See also:influence of the count von Neipperg, and had to acquiesce in the See also:title " See also:duke of See also:Reichstadt " accorded to her son. See also:Long before the tidings of the See also:death of Napoleon at St See also:Helena reached her she was living in intimate relations with Neipperg at Parma, and bore a son to him not long after that event. Napoleon on the other hand spoke of her in his will with marked tenderness, and both excused and forgave her infidelity to him. Thereafter Neipperg became her morganatic See also:husband; and they had other See also:children. In 1832, at the time of the last illness of the duke of Reichstadt, she visited him at Vienna and was there at the time of his death; but in other respects she shook off all association with Napoleon. Her See also:rule in Parma, conjointly with Neipperg, was characterized by a clemency and moderation which were lacking in the other See also:Italian states in that time of reaction. She preserved some of the See also:Napoleonic See also:laws and institutions; in 1817 she established the equality of See also:women in heritage, and ordered the compilation ofa civil See also:code which was promulgated in January 182o. The penal code of See also:November 1821 abolished many odious customs and punishments of the old code, and allowed publicity in criminal trials. On the death of Neipperg in 1829 his place was taken by See also:Baron Werklein, whose influence was hostile to popular See also:liberty. During the popular movements of 1831 Marie Louise had to take See also:refuge with the Austrian See also:garrison at Piacenza; on the restoration of her rule by the Austrians its See also:character deteriorated, Parma becoming an outwork of the Austrian See also:empire. She died at Vienna on the 18th of December 1847.
See Correspondance de Marie Louise 1799-1847 (Vienna, 1887) ; J. A. Baron von Helfert, Marie Louise (Vienna, 1873) ; E. Wertheimer, See also:Die Heirath der Erzherzogin Marie Louise mit Napoleon I. (Vienna, 1882) ; and The Duke of Reichstadt (Eng. ed., See also:London, 1905). See also the See also:Memoirs of Bausset, Mme See also:Durand Meneval aqd Metternich; and Max Billard, The Marriage Ventures of Marie Louise, See also:English version by See also:Evelyn duchess of See also:Wellington (191o).
End of Article: MARIE LOUISE (1791-1847)
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