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See also:NICHOLAS IV . (See also:Girolamo Masci), See also:pope from the 22nd of See also:February 1288 to the 4th of See also:April 1292, a native of See also:Ascoli and a Franciscan See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk, had been See also:legate to the Greeks under See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory X. in 1272, succeeded St See also:Bonaventura as See also:general of his See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order in 1274, was made See also:cardinal-See also:priest of Sta Prassede and Latin See also:patriarch of See also:Constantinople by Nicholas III., cardinal-See also:bishop of See also:Palestrina by See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin IV., and succeeded See also:Honorius IV. after a ten-months' vacancy in the papacy. He was a pious, See also:peace-loving monk with no ambition See also:save for the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, the See also:crusades and the extirpation of See also:heresy. He steered a See also:middle course between the factions at See also:Rome, and sought a See also:settlement of the
Sicilian question. In May 1 289 he crowned See also:Charles II. See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Naples and See also:Sicily after the latter had expressly recognized papal See also:suzerainty, and in February 1291 concluded a treaty with See also:Alphonso III. of See also:Aragon and See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip IV. of See also:France looking toward the See also:expulsion of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James of Aragon from Sicily. The loss of Ptolemais in 1291 stirred the pope to renewed See also:enthusiasm for a crusade. He sent the celebrated Franciscan missionary, See also:John of See also:Monte Corvino, with some companions to labour among the See also:Tatars and See also:Chinese. He issued an important constitution on the 18th of See also:July 1289, which granted to the cardinals one-See also:half of all income accruing to the See also:Roman see and a See also:share in the See also:financial management, and thereby paved the way for that See also:independence of the See also:college of cardinals which, in the following See also:century, was to be of detriment to the papacy. Nicholas died in the See also:palace which he had built beside Sta Maria See also:Maggiore, and was succeeded by See also:Celestine V.
See " See also:Les Registres de See also:Nicolas IV.," ed. by Ernest See also:Langlois in Bibliotheque See also:des ecoles francaises d'Athenes et de Rome (See also:Paris, 1886–1893) ; A. See also:Potthast, Regesta pontif. Roman. vol. 2 (See also:Berlin, 1875) ; F. See also:Gregorovius, Rome in the Middle Ages, vol. 5, trans. by Mrs G. W. See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton (See also:London, 1900–1902) ; O. Schiff, " Studien zur Geschichte Papst Nikolaus IV." in Historische Studien (1897); W. See also:Norden, Das Papsttum u. Byzanz (Berlin, i9o3) ; R. Rohricht, Geschichte des Konigreichs See also:Jerusalem (See also:Innsbruck, 1898); J. B. Sagmuller, See also:Die Thatigkeit u. Stellung der Kardinale bis See also:Pabst Bonifaz VIII. (See also:Freiburg-i.-B., 1896) ; J. P. See also:Kirsch, " Die Finanzverwaltung des Kardinalkollegiums See also:im 13. u. 14. Jahrhunderte " in Kirchengeschichtliche Studien (1895). (C. H.
End of Article: NICHOLAS IV
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