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REZANOV , See also:NICOLAI PETROVICH DE
See also:Russian nobleman and See also:administrator under See also:Catherine II.,
See also:Paul I. and See also:Alexander I., was one of the ten barons of See also:Russia, and, for his services to the See also:empire, was rewarded with the See also:court See also:title of See also:- CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
- CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)
chamberlain. In 1803 he was made a privy councillor and invested with the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of St See also:Ann. He was also the author of a See also:lexicon of the See also:Japanese See also:language and of several other See also:works, which are preserved in the library of the St See also:Petersburg See also:Academy of Sciences, of which he was a member. He was the first Russian See also:ambassador to See also:Japan (1804), and instigated the first See also:attempt of Russia to circumnavigate the globe (18o3), commanding the expedition himself as far as See also:Kamchatka. But Rezanov's See also:monument for many years after his See also:death was 'the See also:great Russian See also:American See also:Fur See also:Company; and his See also:interest to students of See also:history centres See also:round the policy involved in that enterprise, which, thwarted by his untimely death, would have changed the destinies of Russia and the See also:United States.
See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
Meeting (in 1788) Shelikov, See also:chief of the Shelikov-Golikov Fur Company, Rezfinov became interested in the See also:merchant's project to obtain a See also:monopoly of the fur See also:trade in those distant dependencies. Conscious of latent energies, and already tired of the pleasures of a dissolute court, he became a partner in the company, and rapidly See also:developed into a keen and tireless See also:man of business. At the death of Shelikov in 1795 he became the leading spirit of the wealthy and amalgamated but harassed companies, and resolved to obtain for himself and his partners_privileges analogous to those granted by Great See also:Britain to the See also:East See also:India Company. He had just succeeded in persuading Catherine to sign his See also:charter when she died, and he was obliged to begin again with the See also:ill-balanced and intractable Paul. For a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time the outlook was hopeless; but Rezanov's skill, subtlety and address prevailed, and shortly before the assassination of the See also:emperor Paul he obtained his See also:signature to the momentous See also:instrument which granted to the Russian-American Company, for a See also:term of twenty years, dominion over the See also:coast of N.W. See also:America, from See also:latitude 55 degrees northward; and over the See also:chain of islands extending from Kamchatka northward and southward to Japan. This famous " See also:Trust," which crowded out all the small companies and See also:independent traders, was a source of large See also:revenue to Rezanov and the other shareholders, including members of the Imperial See also:family, until the first years of the 19th See also:century, when mismanagement and scarcity of nourishing See also:food threatened it with serious losses if not ultimate ruin. Rezanov, his humiliating See also:embassy to Japan concluded, reached Kamchatka in i8o5, and found commands awaiting him to remain in the Russian colonies as Imperial inspector and plenipotentiary of the company, and to correct the abuses that were ruining the great enterprise. He travelled slowly to See also:Sitka by way of the Islands, establishing See also:measures to protect the fur-bearing animals from reckless slaughter, punishing or banishing the worst offenders against the company's See also:laws, and introducing the civilizing See also:influence of See also:schools and See also:libraries, most of the books being his See also:personal gifts. He even established cooking schools, which flourished briefly.
At the end of a See also:winter in Sitka, the headquarters of the company, during whi h he See also:half-starved with the others, he bought a See also:ship from a See also:Yankee skipper and sailed for the See also:Spanish settlements in See also:California, purposing to trade his tempting See also:cargo of American and Russian wares for food-stuffs, and to arrange a treaty by whose terms his colonies should be provisioned twice a See also:year with the bountiful products of New See also:Spain. He See also:cast See also:anchor in the See also:harbour of See also:San Francisco See also:early in See also:April 18o6, after a stormy voyage which had defeated his intention to take See also:possession of the See also:Columbia See also:river in the name of Russia. Although he was received with great See also:courtesy and entertained See also:night and See also:day by the See also:gay Californians, no time was lost in informing him that the laws of Spain forbade her colonies to trade with See also:foreign See also:powers, and that the See also:governor of all the Californias was in-corruptible. Rezanov, had it not been for a love affair with the daughter of the comandante of San Francisco, See also:Don Jose Arguello, and for his personal address and See also:diplomatic skill, with which he won over the See also:clergy to his cause, would have failed again. As it was, when he sailed for Sitka, six See also:weeks after his arrival, the " See also:Juno's " hold was. full of See also:bread-stuffs and dried meats, he had the promise of the perplexed governor to forward a copy of the treaty to Spain at once, and he was affianced to the most beautiful girl in California. Shortly after his arrival in Sitka he proceeded by See also:water to Kamchatka, where he despatched his See also:ships to wrest the See also:island Sakhalen of the See also:lower Kurile See also:group from Japan, then started overland for St Petersburg to obtain the signature of the See also:tsar to the treaty, and also personal letters to the See also:pope and See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of Spain that he might ask for the See also:dispensation and the royal consent necessary to his See also:marriage. He died of See also:fever and exhaustion in Krasnoiarsk, See also:Siberia, on the 8th of See also:March 1807.
The treaty with California, the See also:bare See also:suggestion of which made such a commotion in New Spain, was the least of Rezanov's projects. It was sincerely conceived, for he was deeply and humanely concerned for his employees and the wretched natives who were little more than the slaves of the company; but its very obviousness raised the necessary amount of dust. His See also:correspondence with the company, and with Zapinsky, betrays a clearly defined purpose to annex to Russia the entire western coast of See also:North America, and to encourage immediate See also:emigration from the See also:parent See also:country on a large See also:scale. Had he lived, there is, all things considered, hardly a doubt that he would have accomplished his See also:object. The treaty was never signed, the reforms of Rezanov died of discouragement, the fortunes of
the colonies gradually collapsed, the Spanish girl who had loved Rezanov became a See also:nun; and one of the ablest and most ambitious men of his time lies forgotten in the See also:cemetery of a poor Siberian See also:town.
See See also:Bancroft's History of California, and See also:Alaska; Tikm6nev's See also:Historical See also:Review of the Origin of the Russian American Company; Rezanov-Zapisky Correspondence; Travels of See also:Krusenstern and Langsford, &c. (G. A.
End of Article: REZANOV
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