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RIMMER, WILLIAM (1816—1879)

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 348 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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RIMMER, See also:WILLIAM (1816—1879) , an See also:American artist, was See also:born in See also:Liverpool, See also:England, on the loth of See also:February 1816. He was the son of a See also:French refugee, who emigrated to Nova See also:Scotia, where he was joined by his wife and See also:child in 1818, and who in 1826 removed to See also:Boston, where he earned a living as a See also:shoe-maker. The son learned the See also:father's See also:trade; at fifteen became a draughtsman and sign-painter; then worked for a lithographer; opened a studio and painted some ecclesiastical pictures; in 184o made a tour of New England See also:painting portraits; lived in See also:Randolph, See also:Mass., in 184555 as a shoe-maker, for the last years of the See also:decade practising See also:medicine; practised in See also:East See also:Chelsea and received a diploma from the See also:Suffolk See also:County Medical Society; and in 1855 removed to East See also:Milton, where he supplemented his income by See also:carving busts from blocks of See also:granite. In 186o he made his See also:head of St See also:Stephen (now in the Boston See also:Athenaeum) and in 1861 his " Falling Gladiator " (since 188o in the Boston Museum of See also:Fine Arts), which Truman H. See also:Bartlett calls " the most remarkable See also:work of See also:sculpture that has yet [1882] been produced in this See also:country . . powerful, wonderful, but not alluring." Rimmer's sculptures, except those mentioned and " The Fighting Lions" (now in the Boston See also:Art See also:Club), " A Dying Centaur " (in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts), and a statue of See also:Alexander See also:Hamilton (made in 1865 for the See also:city of Boston), were soon destroyed. He worked in See also:clay, not modelling but See also:building up and chiselling; almost always without See also:models or preliminary sketches ; and always under technical disadvantages and in See also:great haste ; but his sculpture is anatomically remarkable and has an " See also:early-See also:Greek " simplicity and strength. He published Elements of See also:Design (1864) and Art See also:Anatomy (1877), but his great work was in the class-See also:room, where his lectures were illustrated with blackboard sketches. His studies in See also:line suggest William See also:Blake in their imaginative See also:power. He died on the 20th of See also:August 1879. See Truman H. Bartlett, The Art See also:Life of William Rimmer (Boston, 1882).

RIMSKY-KORSAKOV, See also:

NICOLAS ANDREIEVICH (1844-19o8), See also:Russian composer, was born at Tikhvin, See also:Novgorod, on the 18th (N.S.) of See also:March 1844. He was one of the musical amateurs who, with See also:Borodin, Cui and Moussorsky, gathered See also:round See also:Balakirev in St See also:Petersburg in the days when See also:Wagner was still unknown. By 1865 he had written a See also:symphony (in E See also:minor) which in that See also:year was performed—the first by a Russian composer—under Balakirev's direction, and in 1873 he definitely retired from the See also:navy, having been appointed a See also:professor in the St Petersburg See also:Conservatoire. The same year witnessed his See also:marriage to a talented pianist, Nadejda Pourgold, and the See also:production of his first See also:opera, Pskovitianka. This was followed by May See also:Night (1878), The See also:Snow See also:Maiden (188o), Mlada (1892), See also:Christmas See also:Eve (1894), Sadko (1895), See also:Mozart and See also:Salieri (1898), The See also:Tsar's See also:Bride (1899), Tsar Saltana (1900), Servilia (1902), Kostchei the Immortal (1902), Kites (1905). But his operas attracted less See also:attention abroad than his symphonic compositions, which show a mastery of orchestral effect combined with a fine utilization of Russian folk-See also:melody and a happy feeling for " See also:programme See also:music," his See also:writing being peculiarly individual and distinctive in its See also:restraint and avoidance of violent methods. Notable among these See also:works are his first symphony,. his second (Op. 9) Antar, his third (Op. 32), and his orchestral suites and overtures, his See also:Spanish See also:Capriccio (1887) being particularly appreciated. He also wrote a number of beautiful songs, See also:pianoforte pieces, &c., and he eventually took Balakirev's See also:place as the leading conductor in St . Petersburg, never sparing himself in assisting in the musical development of the Russian school.

End of Article: RIMMER, WILLIAM (1816—1879)

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