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SANGALLO

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 149 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SANGALLO , the surname of a Florentine See also:

family, several members of which became distinguished in the See also:fine arts. I. GIULIANO DI SANGALLO (1445–1516) was an architect, sculptor, tarsiatore and military engineer. His See also:father, See also:Francesco di See also:Paolo Giamberti, was also an able architect, much employed by Cosimo de' See also:Medici. During the See also:early See also:part of his See also:life Giuliano worked-chiefly for Lorenzo the Magnificent, for whom he built a fine See also:palace at See also:Poggio-a-Cajano, begun in 1485, between See also:Florence and See also:Pistoia, and strengthened the fortifications of Florence, Castellana and other places. Lorenzo also employed him to build a monastery of See also:Austin Friars outside the Florentine See also:gate of See also:San Gallo, a nobly designed structure, which was destroyed during the See also:siege of Florence in 1530. It was from this See also:building that Giuliano received the name of Sangallo, which was afterwards used by so many See also:Italian architects. While still in the pay of Lorenzo, Giuliano visited See also:Naples, and worked there for the See also:king, who sent him back to Florence with many handsome presents of See also:money, See also:plate and See also:antique See also:sculpture, the last of which Giuliano presented to his See also:patron Lorenzo. After Lorenzo's See also:death in 1492, Giuliano visited See also:Loreto, and built the See also:dome of the See also:church of the Madonna, in spite of serious difficulties arising from its defective piers, which were already built. In See also:order to gain strength by means of a strong See also:cement, Giuliano built his dome with pozzolana brought from See also:Rome. Soon after this, at the invitation of See also:Pope See also:Alexander VI., Giuliano went to Rome, and designed the fine panelled See also:ceiling of S. Maria See also:Maggiore.

He was also largely employed by See also:

Julius II., both for fortification walls See also:round the See also:castle of S. Angelo, and also to build a palace adjoining the church of S. Pietro in Vincoli, of which Julius had been titular See also:cardinal. Giuliano was much disappointed that See also:Bramante was preferred to himself as architect for the new See also:basilica of St See also:Peter, and this led to his returning to Florence, where he did much service as a military engineer and builder of fortressses during the See also:war between Florence and See also:Pisa. Soon after this Giuliano was recalled to Rome by Julius II., who had much need for his military talents both in Rome itself and also during his attack upon See also:Bologna. For about eighteen months in 1514–1515 Giuliano acted as See also:joint-architect to St Peter's together with See also:Raphael, but owing to See also:age and See also:ill-See also:health he resigned this See also:office about two years before his death. II. See also:ANTONIO DI SANGALLO (1455?—1534) was the younger See also:brother of Giuliano, and took from him the name of Sangallo. To a See also:great extent he worked in See also:partnership with his brother, but he also executed a number of See also:independent See also:works. As a military engineer he was as skilful as Giuliano, and carried out important works of walling and building fortresses at See also:Arezzo, See also:Montefiascone, Florence and Rome. His finest existing See also:work as an architect is the church of S. Biagio at See also:Montepulciano, in See also:plan a See also:Greek See also:cross with central dome and two towers, much resembling, on a small See also:scale, Bramante's See also:design for St Peter's.

He also built a palace in the same See also:

city, various churches and palaces at See also:Monte Sansavino, and at Florence a range of monastic buildings for the Servite monks. Antonio retired early from the practice of his profession, and spent his latter years in farming. IV. BASTIANO DI SANGALLO (1481—1551), sculptor and painter, was a See also:nephew of Giuliano and Antonio. He is usually known as Aristotile, a See also:nickname he received from his See also:air of sententious gravity. He was at first a See also:pupil of See also:Perugino, but afterwards became a follower of See also:Michelangelo. V. ANTONIO DI SANGALLO, the younger (1485?-1546), another nephew of Giuliano, went while very See also:young to Rome, and became a pupil of Bramante, of whose See also:style he was afterwards a See also:close follower. He lived and worked in Rome during the greater part of his life, and was much employed by several of the popes. His most perfect existing work is the See also:brick and travertine church of S. Maria di Loreto, close by See also:Trajan's See also:column, a building remarkable for the great beauty of its proportions, and its See also:noble effect produced with much simplicity. The See also:lower order is square in plan, the next octagonal; and the whole is surmounted by a fine dome and lofty See also:lantern.

The lantern is, however, a lateraddition. The interior is very impressive, considering its very moderate See also:

size. Antonio also carried out the lofty and well-designed church of S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini, which had been begun by Jacobo See also:Sansovino. The See also:east end of this church rises in a very stately way out of the See also:bed of the See also:Tiber, near the See also:bridge of S. Angelo; the See also:west end has been ruined by the addition of a later See also:facade, but the interior is a noble example of a somewhat dull style. Great skill was shown in successfully building this large church, partly on the solid ground of the See also:bank and partly on the shifting See also:sand of the See also:river bed. Antonio also built the Cappella Paolina and other parts of the Vatican, together with additions to the walls and forts of the Leonine City. His most ornate work is the lower part of the cortile of the See also:Farnese palace, afterwards completed by Michelangelo, a very See also:rich and well-proportioned specimen of the then favourite design, a See also:series of See also:arches between engaged columns supporting an See also:entablature, an arrangement taken from the outside of the Colosseum. A palace in the Via Giulia built for himself still exists under the name of the Palazzo See also:Sacchetti, much injured by alterations. Antonio also constructed the very deep and ingenious See also:rock-cut well at See also:Orvieto, formed with a See also:double See also:spiral See also:staircase, like the well of See also:Saladin in the citadel of See also:Cairo. See Raviolo, Notizie sui lavori .

. . dei nove Da San Gallo (Rome, 186o) ; G. Clausse, See also:

Les Sangallo (See also:Paris, 1900-19o1). (J. H.

End of Article: SANGALLO

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