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tracery, geometrical at first and flowing in the later period, owing to the omission of the circles in the tracery of windows, which led to the juxtaposition of the foliations and their pronounced curves of contre-flexure. This flowing or flamboyant tracery was introduced in the first See also:

QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and lasted about fifty years. The See also:

ARCHES, COURT OF

arches are generally equilateral, and the See also:

MOULDINGS

mouldings bolder than in the See also:

Early See also:

ENGLISH

English, with less See also:

DEPTH

depth in the hollows and with the See also:

FILLET (through Fr. filet, from the med. Lat. filettum, diminutive of filum, a thread)

fillet largely used. The See also:

ball See also:

flower and a four-leaved flower take the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the See also:

dog-tooth, and the foliage in the capitals is less conventional than in Early English and more flowing, and the See also:

DIAPER (derived through the Fr. from the Gr. &&, through, and a rirpos, white; the derivation from the town of Ypres, " d'Ypres," in Belgium is unhistorical, as diapers were known for centuries before its existence)

diaper patterns in walls are more varied. The See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal examples are those of the See also:

east end of See also:

Lincoln and See also:

Carlisle See also:

CATHEDRAL

cathedral; the See also:

west fronts of See also:

York and See also:

LICHFIELD

Lichfield; the See also:

CROSSING

crossing of See also:

Ely cathedral, including the See also:

LANTERN (an adaptation of the Fr. lanterne from Lat. lanterna or laterna, supposed to be from Gr. Aa urritp, a torch or lamp, Aaµaew, to shine, cf. " lamp "; the 16th- and 17th-century form " lanthorn " is due to a mistaken derivation from " horn," as a m

lantern and three west bays of See also:

CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir and the See also:

LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady See also:

CHAPEL

Chapel; and See also:

MELROSE

Melrose See also:

Abbey. (R. P. S.) DE See also:

COSTA, See also:

BENJAMIN See also:

FRANKLIN (1831-1904), See also:

AMERICAN

American clergyman and See also:

HISTORICAL

historical writer, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

CHARLESTOWN

Charlestown, See also:

MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, on the loth of See also:

JULY

July 1831. He graduated in 1856 at the Biblical See also:

INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute at See also:

Concord, New See also:

HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire (now a See also:

PART

part of See also:

Boston University), became a See also:

MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister in the Episcopal See also:

Church in 1857, and during the next three years was a See also:

RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector first at See also:

North See also:

Adams, and then at See also:

Newton See also:

LOWER

Lower Falls, See also:

Mass. After serving as See also:

CHAPLAIN

chaplain in two Massachusetts regiments during the first two years of the See also:

CIVIL

Civil See also:

War, he became editor (1863) of The See also:

Christian Times in New York, and subsequently edited The Episcopalian and The See also:

MAGAZINE

Magazine of American See also:

HISTORY

History. He was rector of the church of St See also:

John the Evangelist in New York See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city from 1881 to 1899, when he resigned in consequence of being converted to See also:

ROMAN

Roman Catholicism.

He was one of the organizers and See also:

long the secretary of the Church See also:

TEMPERANCE

Temperance Society, and founded and was the first See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president (1884–1899) of the American See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

White See also:

CROSS

Cross Society. He became a high authority on early American cartography and the history of the period of exploration. He died in New York city on the 4th of See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1904. In addition to numerous monographs and valuable contributions to See also:

WINSOR, JUSTIN (1831-1897)

Winsor's Narrative and See also:

CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

Critical History of See also:

AMERICA

America, he published The Pre-Columbian See also:

DISCOVERY

Discovery of America by the Northmen (1868) ; The Northmen in See also:

Maine (187o) ; The Moabite Slone (1871); The Rector of Roxburgh (1871), a novel under the nom de plume of " See also:

William Hickling "; and Verrazano the Explorer; being a Vindication of his See also:

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

Letter and Voyage (188o). DE COSTER, See also:

CHARLES See also:

THEODORE See also:

HENRI

HENRI (1827–1879), Belgian writer, was born at See also:

MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich on the loth of See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1827. His See also:

FATHER

father, Augustin de Coster, was a native of See also:

Liege, who was attached to the See also:

HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household of the papal See also:

NUNCIO

nuncio at Munich, but soon returned to See also:

Belgium. Charles was placed in a See also:

BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels See also:

BANK

bank, but in 185o he entered the university of Brussels, where he completed his studies in 1855. He was one of the founders of the Societe See also:

des Joyeux, a small See also:

LITERARY

literary See also:

CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club, more than one member of which was to achieve literary distinction. De Coster made his debut as a poet in the Revue trimestrielle, founded in 1854, and his first efforts in See also:

PROSE

prose were contributed to a periodical entitled Uylenspiegel (founded r856). A See also:

correspondence covering the years 1850-1858, his Lettres d Elisa, were edited by Ch. Potvin in 1894. He was a keen student of See also:

RABELAIS, FRANCOIS (c. 1490—1553)

Rabelais and See also:

MONTAIGNE, MICHEL DE (1533-1592)

Montaigne, and familiarized himself with 16th-century See also:

French.

He said that Flemish See also:

MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners and speech could not be rendered faithfully in See also:

MODERN

modern French, and accordingly wrote his best See also:

WORKS

works in the old See also:

TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue. The success of his Legendes flamandes (1857) was increased by the illustrations of Felicien See also:

ROPS

Rops and other See also:

friends. In 1861 he published his Conies brabancons, in modern French. His masterpiece is his Legende de Thy/ Uylenspiegel et de Lamme Goedzak (1867), a. 16th-century See also:

ROMANCE

romance, in which Belgian patriotism found its fullest expression. In the preparation for this prose epic of the See also:

GUEUX, LES

gueux he spent some tenyears. Uylenspiegel (See also:

EULENSPIEGEL [ULENSPIEGEL], TILL

Eulenspiegel) has been compared to See also:

Don Quixote, and even to Panurge. He is the type of the 16th-century See also:

Fleming, and the history of his resurrection from the See also:

GRAVE

grave itself was accepted as an See also:

ALLEGORY (iXXos, other, and ayopeuav, to speak)

allegory of the destiny of the See also:

RACE

race. The exploits of himself and his friend See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form the See also:

THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)

thread of a semi-historical narrative, full of racy See also:

HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour, in spite of the barbarities that find a place in it. This See also:

BOOK

book also was illustrated by Rops and others. In 187o De Coster became See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

general history and of French literature at the military school. His works however were not financially profitable ; in spite of his See also:

government employment he was always in difficulties; and he died in much discouragement on the 7th of May 1879 at Ixelles, Brussels.

The expensive form in which Uylenspiegel was produced made it open only to a limited class of readers, and when a new and cheap edition in modern French appeared in 1893 it was received practically as a new book in See also:

France and Belgium.

End of Article: DECORATED PERIOD

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