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See also:HOCHE, LAZARE (1768-1797) , See also:French See also:general, was See also:born of poor parents near See also:Versailles on the 24th of See also:June 1768. At sixteen years of See also:age he enlisted as a private soldier in the Gardes fran4aises. He spent his entire leisure in earning extra pay by See also:civil See also:work, his See also:object being to provide himself with books, and this love of study, which was combined with a strong sense of See also:duty and See also:personal courage, soon led to his promotion. When the Gardes frangaises were broken up in 1789 he was a See also:corporal, and thereafter he served in various See also:line regiments up to the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of his receiving a See also:commission in 1792. In the See also:defence of Thionville in that See also:year Hoche earned further promotion, and he served with See also:credit in the operations of 1792–1793 on the See also:northern frontier of See also:France. At the See also:battle of See also:Neerwinden he was aide-de-See also:camp to General le Veneur, and when See also:Dumouriez deserted to the Austrians, Hoche, along with le Veneur and others, See also:fell under suspicion of See also:treason; but after being kept under See also:arrest and unemployed for some months he took See also:part in the defence of See also:Dunkirk, and in the same year (1793) he was promoted successively chef de See also:brigade, general of brigade, and general of See also:division. In See also:October 1793 he was provisionally appointed to command the See also:Army of the Moselle, and within a few See also:weeks he was in the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field at the See also:head of his army in See also:Lorraine. His first battle was that of See also:Kaiserslautern (28th–3oth of See also:November) against Prussians. The French were defeated, but even in the midst of the Terror the See also:Committee of Public Safety continued Hoche in his command. Pertinacity and fiery See also:energy in their eyes outweighed everything else, and Hoche soon showed that he possessed these qualities. On the 22nd of See also:December he stormed the lines of Frdschweiler, and the representatives of the See also:Convention with his army at once added the Army of the See also:Rhine to his See also:sphere of command. On the 26th of December the French
carried by See also:assault the famous lines of See also:Weissenburg, and Hoche pursued his success, sweeping the enemy before him to the See also:middle Rhine in four days. He then put his troops into See also:winter quarters. Before the following See also:campaign opened, he married See also:Anne See also:Adelaide Dechaux at Thionville (See also:March rrth, 1994). But ten days later he was suddenly arrested, charges of treason having been preferred by See also:Pichegru, the displaced See also:commander of the Army of the Rhine, and by his See also:friends. Hoche escaped See also:execution, however, though imprisoned in See also:Paris until the fall of See also:Robespierre. Shortly after his See also:release he was appointed to command against the Vendeans (21st of See also:August 1794). He completed the work of his predecessors in a few months by the See also:peace of Jaunaye (15th of See also:February 1795), but soon afterwards the See also:war was renewed by the Royalists. See also:Roche showed himself equal to the crisis and inflicted a crushing See also:blow on the Royalist cause by defeating and capturing de Sombreuil's expedition at See also:Quiberon and Penthievre (16th—21st of See also:July 1795). Thereafter, by means of See also:mobile columns (which he kept under See also:good discipline) he succeeded before the summer of 1796 in pacifying the whole of the See also:west, which had for more than three years been the See also:scene of a pitiless civil war. After this he was appointed to organize and command the troops destined for the invasion of See also:Ireland, and he started on this enterprise in December 1796. A See also:tempest, however, separated Hoche from the expedition, and after various adventures the whole See also:fleet returned to See also:Brest without having effected its purpose. Hoche was at once transferred to the Rhine frontier, where he defeated the Austrians at Neuwied (See also:April), though operations were soon afterwards brought to an end by the Preliminaries of See also:Leoben. Later in 1797 he was See also:minister of war for a See also:short See also:period, but in this position he was surrounded by obscure See also:political intrigues, and, finding himself the dupe of See also:Barras and technically guilty of violating the constitution, he quickly laid down his See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office, returning to his command on the Rhine frontier. But his See also:health See also:grew rapidly worse, and he died at See also:Wetzlar on the 19th of See also:September 1797 of See also:consumption. The belief was widely spread that he had been poisoned, but the suspicion seems to have been without See also:foundation. He was buried by the See also:side of his friend Marceau in a fort on the Rhine, amidst the See also:mourning not only of his army but of all France.
See Privat, Notions historiques sur la See also:vie morale, politique et militaire du general Hoche (See also:Strassburg, 1798) ; See also:Daunou, See also:doge du general Hoche (1798), delivered on behalf of the Institut at Hoche's funeral; Rousselin, Vie de Lazare Hoche, general See also:des armees de la republique francaise (Paris, 1798; this work was printed at the public expense and distributed to the See also:schools) ; Dubroca, Eloge funebre du general Hoche (Paris, 1800) ; Vie et pensees du general Hoche (See also:Bern) ; Champrobert, See also:Notice historique sur Lazare Hoche, le pacifcateur de la See also:Vendee (Paris, 184o); Dourille, Histoire de Lazare Hoche (Paris, 1844); Desprez, Lazare Hoche d'apres sa correspondance (Paris, 1858; new ed., 1880); Bergounioux, Essai sur la vie de Lazare Hoche (1852); E. de Bonnechose, Lazare Hoche (1867); H. See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin, Hoche et See also:Bonaparte (1875); Dutemple, Vie politique et militaire du general Hoche (1879); Escaude, Hoche en Irlande (1888); Curler) d'Ornano, Hoche (1892); A. Chuquet, Hoche et la lulte pour l'See also:Alsace (a See also:volume of this author's See also:series on the See also:campaigns of the Revolution, 1893); E. Charavaray, Le General Hoche (1893); A. See also:Duruy, Hoche et Marceau (1885).
End of Article: HOCHE, LAZARE (1768-1797)
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