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MARKHAM, SIR CLEMENTS ROBERT (183o- )

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 735 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MARKHAM, See also:SIR CLEMENTS See also:ROBERT (183o- ) , See also:English traveller, geographer and author, son of the Rev. See also:David F. See also:Mark-See also:ham, See also:canon of See also:Windsor, and of See also:Catherine, daughter of Sir W. See also:Milner, See also:Bart., of Nunappleton, See also:Yorkshire, was See also:born on the loth of See also:July 183o at See also:Stillingfleet, near See also:York, and educated at See also:Westminster School. He entered the See also:navy in 1844, became See also:midshipman in 1846, and passed for a See also:lieutenant in 185r, In 1850-185r he served on the See also:Franklin See also:search expedition in' the'See also:Arctic regions, under See also:Captain See also:Austin. He retired from the navy in 1852, and in 1852-1854 travelled in See also:Peru and the forests of the eastern See also:Andes. He visited See also:South See also:America again in 186o-1861, in See also:order to arrange for the introduction of the See also:cinchona plant into See also:India, a service of the highest value to humanity. In 1865-1866 he visited See also:Ceylon and India, to inspect and See also:report upon the See also:Tinnevelly See also:pearl-See also:fishery and the cinchona plantations. On the Abyssinian expedition of 1867-68 he served as geographer, and was See also:present at the storming of See also:Magdala. In 187.4 he accompanied the Arctic expedition under Sir See also:George See also:Nares as far as See also:Greenland. In later years Sir Clements Markham travelled extensively in western See also:Asia and the See also:United States. In 1855 he became a clerk in the See also:Board of See also:Control.

From 1867-1877 he was in See also:

charge of the See also:geographical See also:department of the See also:Indian See also:Office. He was secretary to the See also:Hakluyt Society from 1858-1887, and became its See also:president in 189o. From 1863-1888 he acted as secretary to the Royal Geographical Society, and on his retirement received the society's See also:gold See also:medal for his distinguished services to See also:geography. He was elected president of the same society in 1893, and retained office for the unprecedented See also:period of twelve years, taking an active See also:share in the See also:work of the society and in increasing its usefulness in various directions. It was almost entirely due to his exertions that funds were obtained for the See also:National See also:Antarctic Expedition under Captain Robert See also:Scott, which See also:left See also:England in the summer of 1901. Sir Clements Markham was elected F.R.S. in 1873; was created C.B. in 1871, and K.C.B. in 1896; became an honorary member of the See also:principal geographical See also:societies; and was president of the See also:International Geographical See also:Congress which met in See also:London in 1895. Sir Clements Markham conducted the Geographical See also:Magazine from 1872–1878, when it became merged in the Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. Among his other publications may be mentioned the following: Franklin's Footsteps (1852); See also:Cuzco and See also:Lima (1856) ; Travels in Peru and India (1862) ; A See also:Quichua See also:Grammar and See also:Dictionary (1863) ; See also:Spanish See also:Irrigation (1867) ; A See also:History of the Abyssinian Expedition (1869); A See also:Life of the See also:Great See also:Lord See also:Fairfax (187o) ; 011anta, a Quichua See also:Drama (1871); Memoir on the Indian Surveys (1871 ; 2nd ed., 1878) ; See also:General See also:Sketch of the History of See also:Persia (1873); The See also:Threshold of the Unknown Region (1874, 4 See also:editions); A Memoir of the Countess of Chinchon, (1875); See also:Missions to Thibet, (1877; 2nd ed., 1879); Memoir of the Indian Surveys; Peruvian Bark (188o) ; Peru (188o); The See also:War between Chili and Peru (1879-81; 3rd ed., 1883) ; The See also:Sea Fathers (1885) ; The Fighting Veres (1888); Paladins of See also:King See also:Edwin (1896); Life of See also:John See also:Davis the Navigator (1889); a Life of See also:Richard III. (1906), in which he maintained that the king was not guilty of the See also:murder of the two princes in the See also:Tower; also lives of See also:Admiral Fairfax, Admiral John Markham, See also:Columbus and See also:Major Rennel; a History of Peru; editions with introductions of twenty See also:works for the Hakluyt Society, of which fourteen were also See also:translations; about seventy papers in the Royal Geographical Society's See also:Journal; the Reports on the Moral and Material Progress of India for 1871–1872 and 1872–1873; Memoir of Sir John See also:Harington for the See also:Roxburghe See also:Club (188o) ; the Peruvian chapters for J. See also:Winsor's History of America, and the chapters on See also:discovery and See also:surveying for Clowes's History of the Navy.

End of Article: MARKHAM, SIR CLEMENTS ROBERT (183o- )

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