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HARINGTON, SIR JOHN (1561—1612)

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 953 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HARINGTON, See also:SIR See also:JOHN (1561—1612) , See also:English writer, was See also:born at Kelston, near See also:Bath, in 1561. His See also:father, John Harington, acquired considerable estates by marrying Etheldreda, a natural daughter of See also:Henry VIII., and after his wife's See also:death he was attached to the service of the Princess See also:Elizabeth. He married See also:Isabella See also:Markham, one of her ladies, and on See also:Mary's See also:accession he and his wife were imprisoned in the See also:Tower with the princess. John, the son of the second See also:marriage, was Elizabeth's godson. He studied at See also:Eton and at See also:Christ's See also:College, See also:Cambridge, where he took the degree of M.A., his See also:tutor being John Still, afterwards See also:bishop of Bath and See also:Wells, formerly reputed to be the author of See also:Gamma Gurton's See also:Needle. He came up to See also:London about 1583 and was entered at See also:Lincoln's See also:Inn, but his talents marked him out for success at See also:court rather than for a legal career. Tradition relates that he translated the See also:story of Giocondo from See also:Ariosto and was reproved by the See also:queen for acquainting her ladies with so indiscreet a selection. He was to retire to his seat at Kelston until he completed the See also:translation of the entire See also:work. Orlando Furioso in English heroical See also:verse was published in 1591 and reprinted in 1607 and 1634. Harington was high See also:sheriff of See also:Somerset in 1592 and received Elizabeth at his See also:house during her western progress of 1591. In 1596 he published in See also:succession The See also:Metamorphosis of See also:Ajax, An Anatomie of the Metamorphosed Ajax, and Ulysses upon Ajax, the three forming collectively a very absurd and indecorous work of a Pantagruelistic See also:kind. An allusion to See also:Leicester in this See also:book threw the writer into temporary disgrace, but in 1598 he received a See also:commission to serve in See also:Ireland under See also:Essex.

He was knighted on the See also:

field, to the annoyance of Elizabeth. Harington saved himself from being involved in Essex's disgrace by See also:writing an See also:account of the Irish See also:campaign which increased Elizabeth's anger against the unfortunate See also:earl. Among some papers found in the See also:chapter library at See also:York was a See also:Tract on the Succession to the See also:Crown (1602), written by Harington to secure the favour of the new See also:king, to whom he sent the See also:gift of a See also:lantern constructed to symbolize the waning See also:glory of the See also:late queen and See also:James's own splendour. This pamphlet, which contains many details of See also:great See also:interest about Elizabeth and gives an unprejudiced See also:sketch of the religious question, was edited for the See also:Roxburghe See also:Club in 188o by Sir Clements Markham. Harington's efforts to win favour at the new court were unsuccessful. In 1605 he even asked for the See also:office of See also:chancellor of Ireland and proposed himself as See also:archbishop. The document in which he preferred this extraordinary See also:request was published in 1879 with the See also:title of A See also:Short View of the See also:State of Ireland written in z6o.5. Harington was before his See also:time in advocating a policy of generosity and conciliation towards that See also:country. He eventually succeeded in obtaining a position as one of the tutors of See also:Prince Henry, for whom he annotated See also:Francis See also:Godwin's De praesulibus Angliae. Harington's See also:grandson, John Chetwind, found in this somewhat scandalous See also:production an See also:argument for the Presbyterian See also:side, and published it in 1653, under the title of A Briefe 'View of the State of the See also:Church, &c. Harington died at Kelston on the loth of See also:November 1612. His Epigrams were printed in a collection entitled Alcilia in 1613, and separately in 1615.

The translation of the Orlando Furioso was carried out with skill and perseverance. It is not to be supposed that Harington failed to realize the ironic quality of his See also:

original, but he treated it as a serious See also:allegory to suit the See also:temper of Queen Elizabeth's court. He was neither a very exact See also:scholar nor a very poetical translator, and he cannot be named in the same breath with See also:Fairfax. The Orlando Furioso was sumptuously illustrated, and to it was prefixed an Apologie of Poetrie, justifying the subject See also:matter of the poem, and, among other technical :matters, the author's use of disyllabic and trisyllabic rhymes, also a See also:life of Ariosto compiled by Harington from various See also:Italian See also:sources. Harington's Rabelaisian See also:pamphlets show that he was almost equally endowed with wit and indelicacy, and his epigrams are sometimes See also:smart and always easy. His See also:works include The Englishman's See also:Doctor, Or the School of Salerne (16o8), and Nugae antiquae, See also:miscellaneous papers collected in 1779. A See also:biographical account of Harington is prefixed to the Roxburghe Club edition of his tract on the succession mentioned above.

End of Article: HARINGTON, SIR JOHN (1561—1612)

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