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MONACO , a territory of See also:south-eastern See also:France, the smallest of the See also:sovereign principalities of See also:Europe. See also:Area about 8 sq. m., the length being 24 M. and the width varying from 165 to 1100 yds. Pop. (1900), 15,180. Monaco is situated on the See also:coast of the Mediterranean, 9 M. See also:east of See also:Nice, and is bounded on all sides by the See also:French See also:department of Alpes-Maritimes. It includes the towns of Monaco (3292), Condamine (6218) and See also:Monte Carlo (3794)• The principality at one See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time included See also:Mentone and Roccabruna, now known as Roquebrune, which towns, however, were ceded to France in 1861 for a sum of four million francs. The See also:town of Monaco occupies the level See also:summit of a rocky See also:head-See also:land, rising about 200 ft. from the See also:shore, and still defended by ramparts. Though largely modernized, the See also:palace is an interesting specimen of See also:Renaissance See also:architecture; the " See also:cathedral " (Romanesque-See also:Byzantine See also:style), and the oceanographical museum may also be mentioned. For this museum a See also:fine See also:building, appropriately decorated, was opened in See also:March 1910 by the See also:prince of Monaco. It stands on the edge of the cliff rising from the See also:sea at the gardens of St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin, and was designed to See also:house the collections made by the prince during twenty-five years of oceanographical See also:research, and others. Behind the See also:rock, between Mont The de Chien and Mont de la See also:Justice, the high grounds rise towards La Turbie, the See also:village on the See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill which takes its name from the tropaea with which See also:Augustus marked the boundary between See also:Gaul and See also:Italy. On the See also:north lies the See also:bay of Monaco; along the See also:lower ground on the See also:west of the bay stretches the See also:health and bathing resort of Condamine; with See also:orange-gardens, manufactures of perfumes and See also:liqueurs, and the See also:chapel of Ste Devote, the See also:patron See also:saint of Monaco; to the north of the bay on the rocky slopes of the Spelugues (speluncae) are grouped the various buildings of the See also:Casino of Monte Carlo with the elaborate gardens and the numerous villas and hotels which it has called into existence. Adjoining the Casino See also:terrace and overlooking the sea is the See also:pigeon-See also:shooting ground, the competitions on which are celebrated.
There appear to have been gambling-tables at Monte Carlo
in the See also:year 1856, but it was in 1861 that See also:Francois See also:Blanc, seeing his tenancy at Homburg coming to an end, with no See also:hope of renewal, obtained a concession for fifty years from See also:Charles III. This concession passed into the hands of a See also:joint-stock See also:company, which in 1898 obtained an See also:extension to 1947, in return for a See also:payment to the prince of £400,000 in 1899 and of £600,000 in 1913, together with an increase of the See also:annual See also:tribute of £50,000 to £70,000 in 1907, £8o,000 in 1917, £90,000 in 1927, and £See also:loo,000 in 1937. None of the inhabitants of Monaco have See also:access to the tables; and their See also:interest in the See also:maintenance of the status quo is secured by their See also:complete exemption from See also:taxation and the large prices paid for their lands. The ruler of the principality, Prince See also:Albert, See also:born 1848, succeeded his See also:father, Prince Charles III., in 1889. He married in 1869 See also:Lady See also:Mary See also:Douglas See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton, by whom in 1870 he had a son, Prince See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis: that See also:marriage was, however, annulled in 1880, and subsequently Prince Albert married Alice, See also:dowager-duchess of See also:Richelieu, from whom he was divorced in 1902. The prince is See also:absolute ruler, as there is no See also:parliament in the principality. He is advised by a small See also:council of See also:state, the members of which are appointed by himself. The maire and other municipal authorities are also appointed by the prince. A See also:governor-See also:general presides over the See also:administration. The judicial See also:system is the same as that of France, there being a See also:court of first instance and a See also:juge de paix. By arrangement, two See also:Paris See also:judges See also:form a court of See also:appeal. Monaco is the seat of a See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:bishop.
A See also:temple of Heracles seems to have been built on the Monaco headland by the Phoenicians at a very See also:early date, and the same See also:god was. afterwards worshipped there by the Greeks under the surname of Movomos, whence the name Monaco. Monoeci See also:Portus or Portus Herculis is frequently mentioned by the later Latin writers. From the loth See also:century the See also:place was associated with the See also:Grimaldi, a powerful Genoese See also:family who held high offices under the See also:republic and the emperors; but not till a much later date did it become their permanent See also:possession and See also:residence. In the beginning of the 14th century it was notorious for its piracies. Charles I. (a See also:man of considerable See also:mark, who, after doing See also:great service by sea and land to See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip of See also:Valois in his See also:English See also:wars, was severely wounded at See also:Crecy) See also:purchased Mentone and Roccabruna, and bought up the claims of the See also:Spinola to Monaco. The princes of Monaco continued true to France till 1524, when Augustin Grimaldi threw in his See also:lot with Charles V. Honore I., Augustin's successor, was made See also:marquis of Campagna and See also:count of See also:Canosa, and See also:people as well as rulers were accorded various important privileges. The right to exact See also:toll from vessels passing the See also:port continued to be exercised till the See also:close of the 18th century. Honore II. in 1641 threw off the supremacy of See also:Spain and placed himself under the See also:protectorate of France; he was compensated for the loss of Canosa, &c., with the duchy and See also:peerage of See also:Valentinois and various lesser lordships; and " See also:duke of Valentinois " See also:long continued to be the See also:title of the See also:heir-apparent of the principality. In 1731 See also:Antoine, his great-See also:grandson, was succeeded by his daughter See also:Louise Hippolyte; she had married Jacques Goyon, count of Matignon and Thorigny, who took the name of Grimaldi and succeeded his wife. The See also:National See also:Convention annexed the principality to France in 1793; restored to the Goyon Grimaldis by the Treaty of Paris in 1814, it was placed by that of See also:Vienna under the See also:protection of See also:Sardinia. The Sardinian See also:government took the opportunity of disturbances that occurred in 1848 to annex Mentone and Roccabruna, which were occupied by a Sardinian See also:garrison till 1859. With the transference of Nice to France in 186o the principality passed again under French protection.
See H. Metivier, Monaco et ses princes, La See also:Fleche (1862).
End of Article: MONACO
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