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SOUTH SHETLAND

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 516 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SOUTH See also:SHETLAND , a See also:chain of islands on the border of the See also:Antarctic region, lying about 500 M. S.E. of Cape See also:Horn, between 61° and 63° ro' S. and between 530 and 63° W., and separated by Bransfield Strait from the region composed of Danco See also:Land, See also:Palmer Land, See also:Louis Philippe Land, &c. The more considerable islands from See also:west to See also:east are See also:Smith (or See also:James), See also:Low (or See also:Jameson), See also:Snow, Deception, See also:Livingstone, See also:Greenwich, See also:Robert, See also:Nelson, See also:King See also:George I., See also:Elephant, and See also:Clarence. Deception See also:Island is remarkable as of purely volcanic origin. On the south-east See also:side an opening 60o ft. wide gives entrance to an See also:internal See also:crater-See also:lake (See also:Port See also:Forster) nearly circular, with a See also:diameter of about 5 M. and a See also:depth of 97 fathoms. Voyagers in 1828 and 1842 reported that See also:steam still issued from numerous vents, but See also:Otto Nordenskjold (Antarctica, See also:London, 1905) found no exterior See also:evidence of volcanic activity. Most of the islands are rocky and mountainous, and some of their peaks are between 6000 and 7000 ft. in height. Covered with snow for the greater See also:part of the See also:year, and growing nothing but See also:lichens, mosses and some scanty grass, the South Shetlands are of See also:interest almost solely as a haunt of See also:seals, albatrosses, penguins and other See also:sea-See also:fowl. It has been supposed by many that the Dutch navigator See also:Dirk Gerrits discovered the South Shetlands in 1598, but it appears probable that this See also:story originated through confusion with another voyage in which Gerrits was not concerned (cf. H. R. See also:Mill, See also:Siege of the South See also:Pole, p.

34 seq.). In 1819 See also:

William Smith of the See also:English brig "See also:Williams" observed the South Shetland See also:coast on the 19th of See also:February. Revisiting it in See also:October, he landed on King George I. Island, taking See also:possession for See also:England; he also gave the whole chain the name it bears. In 182o the See also:naval See also:lieutenant See also:Edward Bransfield was sent in the " Williams " to survey the islands, which attracted the See also:attention of See also:American and See also:British sealers, and became fairly well known through the visits of Antarctic explorers. A smaller See also:groupSee also:Coronation Island, Laurie Island, &c.—lying 200 M. east of the South Shetlands, bears the name of South See also:Orkney. It was discovered by the English See also:captain, See also:Powell, in 1821.

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