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SYMONDS, JOHN ADDINGTON (184o-180, En...

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 287 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SYMONDS, See also:JOHN ADDINGTON (184o-180, See also:English critic and poet, was See also:born at See also:Bristol, on the 5th of See also:October 184o. He was the only son of John Addington Symonds, M.D. (1807—1871) , the author of an See also:essay on Criminal Responsibility (1869), The Principles of Beauty (1857) and See also:Sleep and Dreams (2nd ed., 1857). His See also:mother, Harriet Symonds, was the eldest daughter of See also:James Sykes of See also:Leatherhead. He was a delicate boy, and at See also:Harrow, where he was entered in 18J4, took no See also:part in school See also:games and showed no particular promise as a See also:scholar. In 1858 he proceeded to Balliol as a commoner, but was elected to an See also:exhibition in the following See also:year. The See also:Oxford training and association with the brilliant set of men then at Balliol called out the latent faculties in Symonds, and his university career was one of continual distinction. In 186o he took a first in " Mods," and won the See also:Newdigate with a poem on The See also:Escorial; in 1862 he was placed in the first class in Literae Humaniores, and in the following year was winner of the See also:Chancellor's English Essay. In 1862 he had been elected to an open fellowship at Magdalen. The See also:strain of study unfortunately proved too See also:great for him, and, immediately after his See also:election to a fellowship, his See also:health See also:broke down, and he was obliged to seek See also:rest in See also:Switzerland. There he met See also:Janet See also:Catherine See also:North, whom, after a romantic See also:betrothal in the mountains, he married at See also:Hastings on the loth of See also:November 1864. He then attempted to See also:settle in See also:London and study See also:law, but his health again broke down and obliged him to travel.

Returning to See also:

Clifton, he lectured there, both at the See also:college and to ladies' See also:schools, and the fruits of his See also:work in this direction remain in his Introduction to the Study of See also:Dante (1872) and his admirably vivid Studies of the See also:Greek Poets (1873—1876). Meanwhile he was occupied upon the work to which his talents and sympathies were especially attracted, his See also:Renaissance in See also:Italy, which appeared in seven volumes at intervals between 1875 and 1886. The Renaissance had been the subject of Symonds' See also:prize essay at Oxford, and the study which he had then given to the theme aroused in him a See also:desire to produce something like a See also:complete picture of the reawakening of See also:art and literature in See also:Europe. His work, how-ever, was again interrupted by illness, and this See also:time in a more serious See also:form. In 1877 his See also:life was in acute danger, and upon his removal to See also:Davos Platz and subsequent recovery there it was See also:felt that this was the only See also:place where he was likely to be able to enjoy life. From that time onward he practically made his See also:home at Davos, and a charming picture of his life there will be found in Our Life in the Swiss See also:Highlands (1891). Symonds, indeed, became in no See also:common sense a See also:citizen of the See also:town; he took part in its municipal business, made See also:friends with the peasants, and shared their interests. There he wrote most of his books: See also:biographies of See also:Shelley (1878), See also:Sir See also:Philip See also:Sidney (1886), See also:Ben See also:Jonson (1886), and See also:Michelangelo (1893), several volumes of See also:poetry and of essays, and a See also:fine See also:translation of the Autobiography of Benvenuto See also:Cellini (1887). There, too, he completed his study of the Renaissance, the work by which he will be longest remembered. He was assiduously, feverishly active through-out the whole of his life, and the amount of work which he achieved was wonderful when the uncertainty of his health is remembered. He had a See also:passion for Italy, and for many years resided during the autumn in the See also:house of his friend, Horatio F. See also:Brown, on the Zattare, in See also:Venice.

He died at See also:

Rome on the 19th of See also:April 1893, and was buried See also:close to Shelley. He See also:left his papers and his autobiography in the hands of Mr Brown, who published in 1895 an excellent and comprehensive See also:biography. Two See also:works from his See also:pen, a See also:volume of essays, In the See also:Key of See also:Blue, and a monograph on Walt See also:Whitman, were published in the year of his See also:death. His activity was unbroken to the last. In life Symonds was morbidly introspective, a See also:Hamlet among See also:modern men of letters, but with a capacity for See also:action which Hamlet was denied. See also:Robert See also:Louis See also:Stevenson described him, in the Opalstein of Talks and Talkers, as " the best of talkers, singing the praises of the See also:earth and the arts, See also:flowers and jewels, See also:wine and See also:music, in a moonlight, serenading manner, as to the See also:light See also:guitar." But under his excellent See also:good-fellowship lurked a haunting See also:melancholy. Full of ardour and ambition, sympathy and desire, he was perpetually tormented by the See also:riddles of existence; through life he was always a seeker, ardent but unsatisfied. , This See also:side of his nature stands revealed in his gnomic poetry, and particularly in the sonnets of his Animi Figura (1882), where he has portrayed his own See also:character with great subtlety. His poetry is perhaps rather that of the student than of the inspired See also:singer, but it has moments of deep thought and emotion. It is, indeed, in passages and extracts that Symonds appears at his best. See also:Rich in description, full of " See also:purple patches," his work has not that See also:harmony and unity that are essential to the conduct of philosophical See also:argument. He saw the part more clearly than the whole; but his view, if partial, is always vivid and concentrated.

His See also:

translations are among the finest in the See also:language; here his subject was found for him, and he was able to lavish on it the See also:wealth of See also:colour and See also:quick sympathy which were his characteristics. He was a See also:lover of beauty, a poet and a philosopher; but in his life and his work alike he missed that See also:absolute harmony of conviction and concentration under which alone the highest See also:kind of literature is produced. (A.

End of Article: SYMONDS, JOHN ADDINGTON (184o-180, English critic and poet, was born at Bristol, on the 5th of October 184o. He was the only son of John Addington Symonds, M.D. (1807—1871)

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