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Poland devoted himself exclusively to literature and the cultivation of his estates. On the occasion of the Galician outbreak of 1845, when the Ruthenian peasantry massacred some hundreds of Polish landowners, an outbreak generally attributed to the machinations of the See also:

AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

government, Wielopolski wrote his famous Lettre d'un gentilhomme polonais au See also:

prince de Metter-nick (See also:

BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels, 1846), which caused a See also:

GREAT

great sensation at the See also:

time, and in which he attempted to prove that the Austrian See also:

court was acting in See also:

COLLUSION (from Lat. colludere, strictly, to play with)

collusion with the See also:

RUSSIAN

Russian in the affair. In 1861, when See also:

Alexander II. was benevolently disposed towards the Poles and made certain See also:

POLITICAL

political and See also:

NATIONAL

national concessions to them, Wielopolski was appointed See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the commissions of public See also:

WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship and See also:

JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice and subsequently president of the See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

state. A visit to the Russian See also:

capital in See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November still further established his See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, and in 1862 he was appointed See also:

ADJUTANT (from Lat. adjutare, to aid)

adjutant to the See also:

GRAND

grand-See also:

DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke See also:

CONSTANTINE

Constantine. This See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office he held till the 12th of See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1863, when finding it impossible to resist the rising current of radicalism and revolution he resigned all his offices, and obtained at his own See also:

REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request unlimited leave of See also:

ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence. He retired to See also:

DRESDEN

Dresden, where he died on the 3oth of See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1877. See Henryk Lisicki, Le Marquis Wielopolski, sa See also:

vie et son temps (Vienna, 188o) ; Wlodzimieriz Spasowicz, The See also:

LIFE

Life and Policy of the Marquis Wielopolski (Rus.) (St See also:

PETERSBURG

Petersburg, 1882). (R. N.

B.) WIENER-See also:

NEUSTADT (Polish, Prudnik)

NEUSTADT, a See also:

TOWN

town of See also:

Austria, in See also:

LOWER

Lower Austria, 31 M. S. of Vienna by See also:

RAIL

rail. Pop. (1900) 28,438. It is situated between the Fischa and the Leitha and is See also:

close to the Hungarian frontier. It was almost entirely rebuilt after a destructive See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire in 1834, and ranks among the handsomest provincial towns in Austria. Its See also:

ancient See also:

GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates, walls and towers have disappeared, but it still possesses a few See also:

MEDIEVAL

medieval edifices, the most important of which is the old See also:

castle of the See also:

dukes of See also:

BABENBERG

Babenberg, founded in the 12th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and converted by Maria See also:

THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa in 1752 into a military See also:

academy. The See also:

GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

CHAPEL

chapel contains the remains of the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

Maximilian I., who was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born here in 1459. The See also:

PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish See also:

church, with its two lofty towers, is substantially a Romanesque See also:

BUILDING

building of the 13th century, but the See also:

CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir and transepts are Gothic additions of a later date. The See also:

LATE

late Gothic church of the old Cistercian See also:

abbey contains a handsome See also:

MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument in memory of Leonora of See also:

PORTUGAL

Portugal (d. 1467), See also:

CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort of the emperor See also:

Frederick III., and possesses a See also:

rich library and an interesting museum. The town-See also:

house is also a noteworthy building and contains large and important archives.

The See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

INDUSTRIAL

industrial establishments are a large See also:

AMMUNITION

ammunition factory and an See also:

engine factory; but manufactures of See also:

cotton, See also:

SILK

silk, See also:

VELVET

velvet, pottery and See also:

paper, See also:

SUGAR

sugar-refining and tanning are also extensively carried on. See also:

Trade is also brisk, and is facilitated by a See also:

canal connecting the town with Vienna, and used chiefly for the transport of See also:

COAL

coal and See also:

TIMBER

timber. Neustadt was founded in 1192, and was a favourite See also:

RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of numerous Austrian sovereigns, acquiring the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of the " ever-faithful town" (See also:

die allezeit getreue Stadt) from its unfailing See also:

LOYALTY

loyalty. In 1246 it was the See also:

SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of a victory of the Hungarians over the Austrians; and in 1486 it was taken by See also:

Matthias See also:

CORVINUS, JANOS [JOHN] (1473–1504)

Corvinus, See also:

king of See also:

Hungary, who, however, restored it to Maximilian I. four years later. In 1529 and 1683 it was besieged by the See also:

TURKS

Turks. It was at Neustadt that the emperor See also:

RUDOLF (otherwise known as Basso NOROK and Gannon)

Rudolf II. granted to the Bohemian Protestants, in 1609, the " Majestatsbrief," or patent of equal rights, the revocation of which helped to precipitate the See also:

THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

War. See Hinner, Wandelbilder aus der Geschichte Wiener-Neustadts (Wiener-Neustadt, 1892).

End of Article: WIELOPOLSKI, ALEKSANDER

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