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ECHMIADZIN, or ITSMIADSIN

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 884 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ECHMIADZIN, or ITSMIADSIN , a monastery of See also:Russian See also:Transcaucasia, in the See also:government of See also:Erivan, the seat of the Catholicus or See also:primate of the Armenian See also:church. It is situated See also:close to the See also:village of Vagarshapat, in the See also:plain of the See also:Aras, 2840 ft. above the See also:sea, 12 M. W. of Erivan and 40 N. of See also:Mount See also:Ararat. The monastery comprises a See also:pretty extensive complex of buildings, and is surrounded by See also:brick walls 30 ft. high, which with their loopholes and towers See also:present the See also:appearance of a fortress. Its architectural See also:character has been considerably impaired by additions and alterations in See also:modern Russian See also:style. On the western See also:side of the quadrangle is the See also:residence of the primate, on the See also:south the See also:refectory (173o-1735), on the See also:east the lodgings for the monks, and on the See also:north the cells. • The See also:cathedral is a small but See also:fine cruciform See also:building with a See also:Byzantine See also:cupola at the intersection. Its See also:foundation is ascribed to St See also:Gregory the Illuminator in 302. Of See also:special See also:interest is the See also:porch, built of red See also:porphyry, and profusely adorned with sculptured designs somewhat of a See also:Gothic character. The interior is decorated with See also:Persian frescoes of See also:flowers, birds and See also:scroll-See also:work. It is here that the Catholicus confers episcopal See also:consecration by the sacred See also:hand (relic) of St Gregory; and here every seven years he prepares with See also:great solemnity the See also:holy oil which is to be used throughout the churches of the Armenian communion. Outside of the See also:main entrance are the See also:alabaster tombs of the See also:primates See also:Alexander I.

(1714), Alexander II. (1755), See also:

Daniel (1806) and See also:Narses (1857), and a See also:white See also:marble See also:monument, erected by the Epglish East See also:India See also:Company to See also:mark the resting-See also:place of See also:Sir See also:John See also:Macdonald Kinneir, who died at See also:Tabriz in 183o, while on an See also:embassy to the Persian See also:court. The library of the monastery is a See also:rich storehouse of Armenian literature (see Brosset's See also:Catalogue de la bibliotheque d'Etchmiadzin, St See also:Petersburg, 1840). Among the more remarkable See also:manuscripts are a copy of the gospels dating from the loth or 11th See also:century, and three bibles of the 13th century. A type-foundry, a See also:printing-See also:press and a See also:bookbinding See also:establishment are maintained by the monks who See also:supply religious and educational See also:works for their co-religionists. To the east of the monastery is a modern See also:college and See also:seminary. See also:Half a mile to the east stand the churches of St Ripsime and St Gaiana, two of the See also:early martyrs of Armenian See also:Christianity; the latter is the See also:burial-place of those primates who are not a, Generative See also:pore with spermatozoa coming out. b, Anterior See also:blind end of See also:intestine attached to the parenchymatous See also:tissue by See also:muscular strands. c, See also:Green wandering See also:chlorophyll. d, Parenchymatous connective tissue. e, Epidermis. i, Intestine.

j, Vas deferens. 1, See also:

Internal opening of vas deferens. m, The See also:left anal vesicle. n, Spermatozoa in the See also:body-cavity. cells containing deemed worthy of interment beside the cathedral. From a distance the three churches See also:form a fairly striking See also:group, and accordingly the See also:Turkish name for Echmiadzin is Uch-Kilissi, or the Three Churches. The See also:town of Vagarshapat See also:dates from the 6th century B.C.; it takes its name from See also:King Vagarsh (See also:Vologaeses), who in the and century A.D. See also:chose it as his residence and surrounded it with walls. Here the apostle of See also:Armenia, St Gregory the Illuminator, erected a church in 309 and with it the primacy was associated. In 344 Vagarshapat ceased to be the Armenian See also:capital, and in the 5th century the patriarchal seat was removed to Dvin, and then to See also:Ani. The monastery was founded by Narses II., who ruled 524–533; and a restoration was effected in 618. The present name of the monastery was adopted instead of Vagarshapat in the See also:roth century. At length in 1441 the primate See also:George brought back the see to the See also:original site.

(P. A. K.; J. T.

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