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HAYLEY, WILLIAM (1745—1820)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 113 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HAYLEY, See also:WILLIAM (1745—1820) , See also:English writer, the friend and biographer of William See also:Cowper, was See also:born at See also:Chichester on the 9th of See also:November 1745. He was sent to See also:Eton in 1757, and to Trinity See also:Hall, See also:Cambridge, in 1763; his connexion with the See also:Middle See also:Temple, See also:London, where he was admitted in 1766, was merely nominal. In 1767 he See also:left Cambridge and went to live in London. Two years later he married Eliza, daughter of See also:Thomas See also:Ball, See also:dean of Chichester. His private means enabled Hayley to live on his patrimonial See also:estate at Eartham, See also:Sussex, and he retired there in 1774. He had already written many occasional poetical pieces, when in 1771 his tragedy, The Afflicted See also:Father, was rejected by See also:David See also:Garrick. In the same See also:year his See also:translation of See also:Pierre See also:Corneille's Rodegune as The Syrian See also:Queen was also declined by See also:George See also:Colman. Hayley won the fame he enjoyed amongst his contemporaries by his poetical Essays and Epistles; a Poetical See also:Epistle to an Eminent Painter (178o), addressed to his friend George See also:Romney, an See also:Essay on See also:History (1780), in three epistles, addressed to See also:Edward See also:Gibbon: Essay on Epic See also:Poetry (1782) addressed to William See also:Mason; A Philosophical Essay on Old Maids (1785); and the Triumphs of See also:Temper (1781). The last-mentioned See also:work was so popular as to run to twelve or fourteen See also:editions; together with the Triumphs of See also:Music (Chichester, 1804) it was ridiculed by See also:Byron in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. So See also:great was Hayley's fame that on Thomas See also:Warton's See also:death in 1790 he was offered the laureateship, which he refused. In 1792, while See also:writing the See also:Life of See also:Milton (1794), Hayley made Cowper's acquaintance. A warm friendship sprang up between the two which lasted till Cowper's death in 1800.

Hayley indeed was mainly instrumental in getting Cowper his See also:

pension. In 'Soo Hayley also lost his natural son, Thomas See also:Alphonso Hayley, to whom he was devotedly attached. He had been a See also:pupil of See also:John See also:Flaxman's, to whom Hayley's Essay on See also:Sculpture (r800) is addressed. Flaxman introduced William See also:Blake to Hayley, and after the latter had moved in r800to his "marinehermitage" at Felpham, Sussex, Blake settled near him for three years to engrave the illustrations for the Life of Cowper. This, Hayley's best known work, was published in 1803—1804 (Chichester) in 3 vols. In 1805 he published See also:Ballads founded on Anecdotes of Animals (Chichester), with illustrations by Blake, and in 1809 The Life of Romney. For the last twelve years of his life Hayley received an See also:allowance for writing his See also:Memoirs. He died at Felpham on the 12th of November 182o. Hayley's first wife died in 1797; her mind had been seriously affected, and since 1789 they had been separated. He married in 1809 See also:Mary Welford, but they also separated after three years. He left no See also:children. Hayley's Poetical See also:Works were published in 3 vols.

(1785) ; his Poems and Plays in 6 vols. (1788). See Memoirs ... of William Hayley . . . and Memoirs of his son T. A. Hayley, ed. John See also:

Johnson (2 vols., 1823) (containing many of Hayley's letters); an See also:article on these memoirs by See also:Robert See also:Southey in the Quarterly See also:Review, vol. xxxi.. 1825; William Blake, by A. C. See also:Swinburne (2nd ed., 1868, pp. 28 et seq.); Life of Willicetn Blake, by See also:Alexander Gilchrist (vol. i., 188o), with some of Blake's letters to Haylcy; The See also:Correspondence of William Cowper, arranged by Thomas See also:Wright (vol. iv., 1904), containing many letters to Hayley.

End of Article: HAYLEY, WILLIAM (1745—1820)

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