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home and abroad," to meet under his leadership. After consulting both houses of the Convocation of Canterbury, Archbishop Longley assented, and convened all the bishops of the Anglican Communion (then 144 in number) to meet at Lambeth in 1867. Many Anglican bishops (amongst them the archbishop of See also:

York and most of his suffragans) See also:

FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt so doubtful as to the See also:

WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom of such an See also:

ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly that they refused to attend it, and See also:

Dean See also:

Stanley declined to allow See also:

Westminster See also:

Abbey to be used for the closing service, giving as his reasons the partial See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of the assembly, uncertainty as to the effect of its See also:

MEASURES

measures and " the presence of prelates not belonging to our Church." Archbishop Longley said in his opening address, however, that they had no See also:

DESIRE

desire to assume " the functions of a See also:

general synod of all the churches in full communion with the Church of England," but merely to " discuss matters of See also:

PRACTICAL

practical See also:

INTEREST

interest, and pronounce what we deem expedient in resolutions which may serve as safe guides to future action." Experience has shown how valuable and See also:

wise this course was. The resolutions of the Lambeth Conferences have never been regarded as synodical decrees, but their See also:

WEIGHT

weight has increased with each See also:

CONFERENCE

conference. Apprehensions such as those which possessed the mind of Dean Stanley have See also:

long passed away. Seventy-six bishops accepted the See also:

PRIMATE (from Low Lat. primas=one who held the first place, primas partes)

primate's invitation to the first conference, which met at Lambeth on the 24th of See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1867, and sat for four days, the sessions being in private. The archbishop opened the conference with an address: deliberation followed; committees were appointed to See also:

REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report on See also:

SPECIAL

special questions; resolutions were adopted, and an encyclical letter was addressed to the faithful of the Anglican Communion. Each of the subsequent conferences has been first received in Canterbury See also:

CATHEDRAL

cathedral and addressed by the archbishop from the See also:

CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of St See also:

Augustine. It has then met at Lambeth, and after sitting for five days for deliberation upon the fixed subjects and See also:

APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of committees, has adjourned, to meet again at the end of a fortnight and sit for five days more, to receive reports, adopt resolutions and to put forth the encyclical letter. I.

First Conference (September 24-28, 1867), convened and pre-sided over by Archbishop Longley. The proposed See also:

order of subjects was entirely altered in view of the See also:

Colenso See also:

case, for which urgency was claimed; and most of the See also:

time was spent in discussing it. Of the thirteen resolutions adopted by the conference, two have See also:

DIRECT

direct reference to this case; the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest have to do with the creation of new See also:

SEES

sees and missionary jurisdictions, commendatory letters, and a " voluntary spiritual tribunal in cases of See also:

DOCTRINE

doctrine and the due subordination of synods. The reports of the committees were not ready, and were carried forward to the conference of 1878. II. Second Conference (See also:

JULY

July 2-27, 1878), convened and presided over by Archbishop See also:

Tait. On this occasion no hesitation appears to have been felt; See also:

LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo bishops were See also:

PRESENT

present, and the opening See also:

SERMON (Lat. sermo, a discourse)

sermon was preached by the archbishop of York. The reports of the five special committees (based in See also:

PART

part upon those of the See also:

COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of 1867) were embodied in the encyclical letter, viz, on the best mode of maintaining See also:

union, voluntary boards of See also:

arbitration, missionary bishops and missionaries, See also:

CONTINENTAL

continental chaplains and the report of a committee on difficulties submitted to the conference. IV. See also:

FOURTH

Fourth Conference (July 5-31, 1897), convened by Archbishop See also:

Benson, presided over by Archbishop See also:

Temple; 194 bishops present. One of the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief subjects for See also:

CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

consideration was the creation of a " tribunal of reference "; but the resolutions on this subject were withdrawn, owing, it is said, to the opposition of the See also:

AMERICAN

American bishops, and a more general See also:

RESOLUTION

resolution in favour of a " consultative See also:

BODY

body " was substituted. The encyclical letter is accompanied by sixty-three resolutions (which include careful See also:

PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision for provincial organization and the See also:

EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title " archbishop " to all metropolitans, a" thankful recognition of the revival of brotherhoods and See also:

SISTERHOODS (MODERN ANGLICAN)

sisterhoods, and of the See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

DEACONESS (i7 &locovos or &aKhvuraa, servant, minister)

deaconess," and a desire to See also:

pro-mote friendly relations with the Eastern Churches and the various Old Catholic bodies), and the reports of the eleven committees are subjoined.

V. Fifth Conference (July 6-See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 5, 1908), convened by See also:

Arch-bishop See also:

RANDALL, SAMUEL JACKSON (1828-189o)

Randall See also:

Davidson, who presided; 241 bishops were present. The chief subjects of discussion were: the relations of faith and See also:

MODERN

modern thought, the See also:

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply and training of the See also:

clergy, See also:

EDUCATION

education, See also:

FOREIGN

foreign See also:

MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions, revision and " enrichment " of the See also:

Prayer-See also:

BOOK

Book, the relation of the Church to " ministries of healing " (See also:

Christian See also:

SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science, &c.), the questions of See also:

MARRIAGE

marriage and See also:

DIVORCE

divorce, organization of the Anglican Church, See also:

REUNION

reunion with other Churches. The results of the deliberations were embodied in seventy-eight resolutions, which were appended to the encyclical issued, in the name of the conference, by the Archbishop of Canterbury on the 8th of August. The fifth Lambeth conference, following as it did See also:

close on the See also:

GREAT

great Pan-Anglican See also:

CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress, is remarkable mainly as a See also:

PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of the growth of the See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence and many-sided activity of the Anglican Church, and as a conspicuous manifestation of her characteristic principles. Of the seventy-eight resolutions none is in any sense See also:

EPOCH (Gr. E7roxij, holding in suspense, a pause, from E1rxav, to hold up, to stop)

epoch-making, and their spirit is that of the traditional Anglican via See also:

MEDIA

media. In general they are characterized by a See also:

FIRM

firm adherence to the fundamental articles of Catholic orthodoxy, tempered by a tolerant attitude towards those not of " the See also:

HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household of the faith." The report of the committee on faith and modern thought is " a faithful See also:

ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to show how the claim of our See also:

Lord Jesus See also:

Christ, which the Church is set to present to each See also:

GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation, may, under the characteristic conditions of our time, best command See also:

ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance." On the question of education (Res. 11-19) the conference reaffirmed strongly the See also:

NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity for definite Christian teaching in See also:

SCHOOLS

schools, " See also:

SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular systems " being condemned as " educationally as well as morally unsound, since they fail to co-See also:

ORDINATE

ordinate the training of the whole nature of the See also:

child (Res. 11). The resolutions on questions affecting foreign missions (2o-26) See also:

DEAL

deal with e.g. the overlapping of episcopal jurisdictions (22) and the See also:

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of Churches on lines of See also:

RACE

race or See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, which is condemned (20). The resolutions on questions of marriage and divorce (37-43) reaffirm the traditional attitude of the Church; it is, however, interesting to See also:

note that the resolution (40) deprecating the remarriage in church of the See also:

innocent party to a divorce was carried only by eighty-seven votes to eighty-four. In resolutions 44 to 53 the conference deals with the See also:

DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty of the Church towards modern democratic ideals and social problems; affirms the responsibility of investors for the character and conditions of the concerns in which their See also:

MONEY

money is placed (49) ; " while frankly acknowledging the moral gains sometimes won by See also:

war " strongly supports the extension of See also:

INTERNATIONAL, THE

international arbitration (52); and emphasizes the duty of a stricter observance of See also:

SUNDAY

Sunday (53).

On the question of reunion, the ideal of corporate unity was reaffirmed (58). It was decided to send a deputation of bishops with a letter of greeting to the national council of the See also:

RUSSIAN

Russian Church about to be assembled (6o) and certain conditions were laid down for interconamunion with certain of the Churches of the Orthodox Eastern Communion (62) and the " See also:

ancient separated Churches of the See also:

East " (63-65). Resolution 67 warned Anglicans from contracting marriages, under actual conditions, with See also:

ROMAN

Roman Catholics. By resolution 68 the conference stated its desire to " maintain and strengthen the friendly relations " between the Churches of the Anglican Communion and " the ancient Church of See also:

Holland " (Jansenist, see See also:

UTRECHT) and the old Catholic Churches; and resolutions 70-73 made elaborate provisions for a projected corporate union between the Anglican Church and the Unitas Fratrum (Moravian Brethren). As to " home reunion," however, it was made perfectly clear that this would only be possible " on lines suggested by such precedents as those of 161o," i.e. by the Presbyterian Churches accepting the episcopal See also:

MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model. So far as the organization of the Anglican Church is concerned, the most important outcome of the conference was the reconstruction of the Central Consultative Body on representative lines (54-56) ; this body to consist of the archbishop of Canterbury and seventeen bishops appointed by the various Churches of the Anglican Communion throughout the See also:

WORLD

world. A notable feature of the conference was the presence of the See also:

SWEDISH

Swedish bishop of See also:

KALMAR (CALMAR)

Kalmar, who presented a letter from the archbishop of See also:

UPSALA, or UPPSALA

Upsala, as a tentative advance towards closer relations between the Anglican Church and the Evangelical Church of See also:

Sweden. See Archbishop R. T. Davidson, The Lambeth Conferences of 1867, 1878 and 1888 (London, 1896) ; Conference of Bishops of the Anglican Communion, Encyclical Letter, &c. (London, 1897 and 1908).

End of Article: LAMBETH CONFERENCES

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