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LEVEN, LOCH

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 508 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LEVEN, See also:LOCH , a See also:lake of Kinross-See also:shire, See also:Scotland. It has an See also:oval shape, the longer See also:axis See also:running from N.W. to S.E., has a length of 3; m., and a breadth of 23 m. and is situated near the See also:south and See also:east boundaries of the shire. It lies at a height of 350 ft. above the See also:sea. The mean See also:depth is less than 15 ft., with a maximum of 83 ft., the lake being thus one of the shallowest in Scotland. Reclamation See also:works carried on from 1826 to 1836 reduced its See also:area by one See also:quarter, but it still possesses a See also:surface area of 51 sq. m. It drains the See also:county and is itself drained by the Leven. It is famous for the Loch Leven See also:trout (Salmo levcnensis, considered by some .i variety of S. trutta), which are remarkable for See also:size and quality. The fishings are controlled by the Loch Leven See also:Angling Association, which organizes competitions attracting anglers from far and near. The loch contains seven islands. Upon St Serf's, the largest, which commemorates the See also:patron See also:saint of Fifeshire, are the ruins of the Priory of Portmoak—so named from St Moak, the first See also:abbot—the See also:oldest Culdee See also:establishment in Scotland. Some See also:time before 961 it was made over to the See also:bishop of St See also:Andrews, and shortly after 1144 a See also:body of canons See also:regular was established on it in connexion with the priory of canons regular founded in that See also:year at St Andrews. The second largest See also:island, See also:Castle Island, possesses remains of even greater See also:interest.

The first stronghold is supposed to have been erected by Conga], son of Dongart, See also:

king of the Picts. The See also:present castle See also:dates from the 13th See also:century and was occasionally used as a royal See also:residence. It is said to have been in the hands of the See also:English for a time, from whom it was delivered by See also:Wallace. It successfully withstood See also:Edward Bailol's See also:siege in 1335, and was granted by See also:Robert II. to See also:Sir See also:William See also:Douglas of Lugton. It became the See also:prison at various periods of Robert II.; of See also:Alexander See also:Stuart, See also:earl of See also:Buchan, " the See also:Wolf of See also:Badenoch "; See also:Archibald, earl of Douglas (1429); See also:Patrick See also:Graham, See also:archbishop of St Andrews (who died, still in bondage, on St Serf's Island in 1478). and of See also:Mary, See also:queen of Scots. The queen had visited it more than once before her detention, and had had a presence chamber built in it. Conveyed hither in See also:June 1567 after her surrender at Carberry, she signed her See also:abdication within its walls on the 4th of See also:July and effected her See also:escape on the 2nd of May 1568. The keys of the castle, which were thrown into the loch during her See also:flight, were found and are preserved at Dalmahoy in Midlothian. Support of Mary's cause had involved See also:Thomas See also:Percy, 7th earl of See also:Northumberland (b. 1528). He too was lodged in the castle in 1569, and after three years' imprisonment was handed over to the English, by whom he was beheaded at See also:York in 1572. The See also:proverb that " Those never got See also:luck who came to Loch Leven " sums up the See also:history of the castle.

The See also:

causeway connecting the isle with the mainland was See also:long sub-merged too deeply for use, but the reclamation operations already referred to almost brought it into view again.

End of Article: LEVEN, LOCH

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