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MONTGAILLARD, JEAN GABRIEL MAURICE RO...

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 782 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MONTGAILLARD, See also:JEAN See also:GABRIEL See also:MAURICE ROQUES, See also:COMTE DE (1761-1841) , See also:French See also:political See also:agent, was See also:born at Montgaillard, near Villefranche (Haute See also:Garonne), on the 16th of See also:November 1761. His parents belonged to the See also:minor See also:nobility, and he was educated at the military school of Soreze, where he attracted the See also:notice of the comte de See also:Provence (afterwards See also:Louis XVIII.). After serving for some years in the See also:West Indies Maurice de Roques returned to See also:France. In 1789 he was established in See also:Paris as a See also:secret See also:diplomatic agent, and though he emigrated to See also:England after the loth of See also:August 1792, he returned six See also:weeks later to Paris, where his See also:security was most probably See also:purchased by services to the revolutionary See also:government. He was again serving the See also:Bourbon princes when he met See also:Francis II. of See also:Austria at See also:Ypres in 1794 and saw See also:Pitt in See also:London, where he published his Etat de la France au mois de See also:mai 1794, predicting the fall of See also:Robespierre. He was employed by Louis XVIII. to secure See also:Austrian intervention on behalf of Mme Royale (afterwards duchess of Angouleeme), still a prisoner in the See also:Temple, and he See also:drew up the proposition made by the See also:prince to See also:Charles See also:Pichegru, the details of which appear in his " Memoire sur la trahison de Pichegru " (Moniteur, See also:April 18, 1804). In See also:June 1796 he made a See also:journey to See also:Italy in the See also:hope of opening See also:direct relations with See also:Bonaparte. On his return to the princes at See also:Blankenburg he was regarded with suspicion, and he departed for Paris to await events. He is thought to have indicated the See also:possession by the comte d'See also:Antraigues, agent of the princes, of documents compromising Pichegru. In April 1798 hesurrendered to See also:Claude Roberjot, the See also:Hamburg See also:minister of the See also:Directory, further papers See also:relating to the See also:matter. He followed Roberjot to See also:Holland, and there wrote a memorandum to prove that the only hope for France See also:lay in the immediate return of Bonaparte from See also:Egypt, followed by See also:assumption of the supreme See also:power. This See also:note reached See also:Alexandria by way of See also:Berlin and See also:Constantinople.

When he ventured to return to Paris in the hope of recognition from the First See also:

Consul he was imprisoned, and on his See also:release he was kept under See also:police supervision. See also:Napoleon, who appreciated his real insight into See also:European politics and his extraordinary knowledge of European courts, attached him to his secret See also:cabinet in spite of his intriguing and mendacious See also:character. He received a See also:salary of 14,000 francs, reduced later to 6000, for reports on political questions for Napoleon's use, and for See also:pamphlets written to help the imperial policy. He tried to dissuade Napoleon from the Austrian See also:marriage and the See also:Russian See also:campaign, and counselled the See also:limitation of the See also:empire within the See also:Rhine, the See also:Alps and the See also:Pyrenees. The Bourbon restoration made no See also:change in his position; he was maintained as confidential adviser on See also:foreign and See also:home politics, and gave shrewd See also:advice to the new government. His career ended with the old See also:monarchy, and he died in obscurity at Chaillot on the 8th of See also:February 1841. His Souvenirs, which must be read with the utmost caution, were edited by See also:Clement de See also:Lacroix (3rd ed., 1895) ; his Memoires diplomatiques (1805—1819) were published by the same editor in 1896. His Etat de la France was translated into See also:English by See also:Edmund See also:Burke. His other writings include Ma conduite See also:pendant le See also:tours de la revolution francaise (London, 1795) ; Histoire secrete de Coblentz dans la revolution See also:des See also:francais (London, 1795); De La France et de l'See also:Europe sous le gouvernement de Bonaparte (See also:Lyons, 1904) ; Situation de l'Angleterre en 1811 (Paris, 181 i) ; De la restauration de la monarchic des Bourbons et du retour a l'ordre (Paris, 1814); and Histoire de France depuis 1825 jusqu'a 1830 (Paris, 1839).

End of Article: MONTGAILLARD, JEAN GABRIEL MAURICE ROQUES, COMTE DE (1761-1841)

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