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ROYAT , a watering-See also:place of central See also:France, in the See also:department of See also:Puy-de-See also:Dome, situated at a height of 1475 ft. on the See also:Tire-mine, 12 m. S.W. of Clermont-See also:Ferrand. Pop. (1906) 1451. The thermal springs, situated in the See also:part of Royat known as St Mart, are strongly impregnated with carbonic See also:acid and chloride of See also:sodium and are used in cases of See also:rheumatism, See also:gout, See also:bronchitis, See also:asthma, See also:anaemia, &c. They were known in See also:Roman times, and ruins of See also:ancient See also:baths are still to be seen. The See also:village of Royat proper, a little higher up the valley, has a See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of the See also:ruth and 12th centuries fortified with battlements.
ROYER-COLLARD, See also:PIERRE See also:PAUL (1763—1845), See also:French statesman and philosopher, was See also:born on the 21st of See also:June 1763 at Sompuis, near Vitry le See also:Francois (See also:Marne), the son of See also:Antoine Royer, a small proprietor. His See also:mother, Angelique Perpetue Collard, was a woman of unusual strength of See also:character and of austere piety. Pierre Paul Royer was sent at twelve to the See also:college of Chaumont of which his See also:uncle, See also:Father Paul Collard, was director. He subsequently followed his uncle to. See also:Saint-Omer, where he studied See also:mathematics. At the outbreak of the Revolution, which moved him to passionate sympathy, he was practising at the Parisian See also:bar. He was returned by his See also:section, the See also:Island of Saint See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis, to the See also:Commune, of which he was secretary from 1790 to 1792. After the revolution of the loth of See also:August in that See also:year he was replaced by J. L. See also:Tallien. His sympathies were now with the See also:Gironde, and after the'insurrection of the 12th Prairial (31st of May 1793)
See also:ROYLE
he was in danger of his See also:life. He returned to Sompuis, and was saved from See also:arrest possibly by the See also:protection of See also:Danton and in some degree by the impression made by his mother's courageous piety on the See also:local See also:commissary of the See also:Convention. In 1797 he was returned by his department (Marne) to the See also:Council of the Five See also:Hundred, where he allied himself especially with Camille See also:Jordan. He made one See also:great speech in the council in See also:defence of the principles of religious See also:liberty, but the coup d'etat of Fructidor (4th of See also:September 1797) drove him again into private life. It was at this See also:period that he See also:developed his legitimist opinions and entered into communication with the See also:comte de See also:Provence (Louis XVIII.). He was the ruling spirit in the small See also:committee formed in See also:Paris to help forward a Restoration See also:independent of the comte d'See also:Artois and his party; but with the See also:establishment of the Consulate he saw the prospects of the See also:monarchy were temporarily hopeless, and the members of the committee resigned. From that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time until the Restoration Royer-Collard devoted himself exclusively to the study of See also:philosophy. He derived his opposition to the philosophy of See also:Condillac chiefly from the study of See also:Descartes and his followers, and from his See also:early veneration for the fathers of See also:Port-Royal. He was occupied with the erection of a See also:system which should provide a moral and See also:political See also:education consonant with his view of the needs of France. From 1811 to 1814 he lectured at the See also:Sorbonne. From this time See also:dates his See also:long association with See also:Guizot. Royer-Collard himself was supervisor of the See also:press under the first restoration. From 1815 onwards he sat as See also:deputy for Marne in the chamber. As See also:president of the See also:commission of public instruction from 1815 to 1820 he checked the pretensions of the clerical party, the immediate cause of. his retirement being an See also:attempt to infringe the rights of the university of Paris by giving university diplomas, independent of university See also:examinations, to the teaching fraternity of the See also:Christian See also:Brothers. Royer-Collard's See also:acceptance of the Legitimist principle did not prevent a faithful See also:adhesion to the social revolution effected in 1789, and he protested in 1815, in 1820, and again under the monarchy of See also:July against See also:laws of exception.
He was the moving spirit of the " See also:Doctrinaires," as they were called, who met at the See also:house of the comte de Ste Aulaire and in the See also:salon of Madame de See also:Stael's daughter, the duchesse de See also:Broglie. The leaders of the party, beside Royer-Collard, were Guizot, P. F. H. de Serre, Camille Jordan and See also:Charles de See also:Remusat.
In 182o he was excluded from the council of See also:state by a See also:decree signed by his former ally Serre. In 1827 he was elected for seven constituencies, but remained faithful to his native department. Next year he became president of the chamber, and fought against the reactionary policy which precipitated the Revolution of July. It was Royer-Collard who in See also:March 183o presented the address of the 221. From that time he took no active part in politics, although he retained his seat in the chamber until 1839. He died at his See also:estate of Chateauvieux, near Vitry, on the 2nd of September 1845. He had been a member of the See also:Academy since 1827. Royer-Collard married in 1799 Mlle. de Forges de Chateauvieux. The two daughters who survived to womanhood received an education of the utmost austerity.
Royer-Collard See also:left no considerable writings, but fragments of his philosophical See also:work are included in See also:Jouffroy's See also:translation of the See also:works of See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Reid. The See also:standard life of Royer-Collard is by his friend Prosper de See also:Barante, See also:Vie politique de M. Royer Collard, ses discours et ses ecrits (2 vols., 1861). There are also See also:biographies by M. A. Philippe (1857), by L. Vingtain (1858), by E. See also:Spuller (1895), in Grands ecrivains See also:francais. Cf. E. See also:Faguet, Politique it morale du xix' siecle (1891); H. See also:Taine, See also:Les Philosophes francais du xix' siecle (1857); L. Seche, Les Derniers Jansenistes (1891); and See also:Lady Blennerhasset, " The Doctrinaires " in the See also:Cambridge See also:Modern See also:History (vol. x. See also:chap. ii., 1907). For further references see H. P. Thieme, See also:Guide bibliographique (Paris, 1907).
End of Article: ROYAT
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