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BEKE, CHARLES TILSTONE (1800-1874)

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 661 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BEKE, See also:CHARLES TILSTONE (1800-1874) , See also:English traveller, geographer and Biblical critic, was See also:born in See also:Stepney, See also:Middlesex, on the loth of See also:October 1800. His See also:father was a See also:merchant in See also:London, and Beke engaged for a few years in See also:mercantile pursuits. He afterwards studied See also:law at See also:Lincoln's See also:Inn, and for a See also:time practised at the See also:bar, but finally devoted himself to the study of See also:historical, See also:geographical and ethnographical subjects. The first-fruits of his researches appeared in his See also:work entitled Origines Biblicae, or Researches in Primeval See also:History, published in 1834. An See also:attempt to reconstruct the See also:early history of the human See also:race from See also:geological data, it raised a See also:storm of opposition on the See also:part of defenders of the traditional readings of the See also:book of See also:Genesis; but in recognition of the value of the work the university of See also:Tubingen conferred upon him the degree of Ph.D. For about two years (1837-1838) Beke held the See also:post of acting See also:British See also:consul in See also:Saxony. From that time till his See also:death his See also:attention was largely given to geographical studies, chiefly of the See also:Nile valley. Aided by private See also:friends, he visited See also:Abyssinia in connexion with the See also:mission to See also:Shoa sent by the See also:Indian See also:government under the leadership of See also:Major (afterwards See also:Sir) See also:William See also:Cornwallis See also:Harris, and explored Gojam and more See also:southern regions up to that time unknown to Europeans. Among other achievements, Beke was the first to determine, with any approach to scientific accuracy, the course of the Abai (See also:Blue Nile). The valuable results of this See also:journey, which occupied him from 1840 to. 1843, he gave to the See also:world in a number of papers in scientific publications, chiefly in the See also:Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. On his return to London, Beke re-engaged in See also:commerce, but devoted all his leisure to geographical and kindred studies.

In 1848 he planned an expedition from the mainland opposite See also:

Zanzibar to discover the See also:sources of the Nile. A start was made, but the expedition accomplished little. Beke's belief that the See also:White Nile was the See also:main stream was, however, shown to be accurate by subsequent exploration. In 1856 he endeavoured; unsuccessfully, to establish commercial relations with Abyssinia through See also:Massawa. In 1861–1862 he and his wife travelled in See also:Syria and See also:Palestine, and went to See also:Egypt with the See also:object of promoting See also:trade with Central See also:Africa and the growth of See also:cotton in the See also:Sudan. In 1865 he again went to Abyssinia, for the purpose of obtaining from See also:King See also:Theodore the See also:release of the British captives. On learning that the captives had been released, Beke turned back, but Theodore afterwards re-arrested the party. To the military expedition sent to effect their release Beke furnished much valuable See also:information, and his various services to the government and to geographical See also:research were acknowledged by the See also:award of £soo in 1868 by the secretary for See also:India, and by the See also:grant of a See also:civil See also:list See also:pension of £loo in 187o. In his seventy-See also:fourth See also:year he undertook a journey to Egypt for the purpose of determining the real position of See also:Mount See also:Sinai. He conceived that it was on the eastern See also:side of the Gulf of See also:Akaba, and his journey convinced him that his view was right. It has not, however, commended itself to See also:general See also:acceptance. Beke died at See also:Bromley, in See also:Kent, on the 31st of See also:July 1874.

Beke's writings are very numerous. Among the more important, besides those already named, are: An See also:

Essay on the Nile and its Tributaries (1847), The Sources of the Nile (186o), and The British Captives in Abyssinia (1865). He was a See also:fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, and for his contributions to the knowledge of Abyssinia received its See also:gold See also:medal, and also that of the Geographical Society of See also:France. As a result of a controversy over the statements of another Abyssinian explorer, See also:Antoine See also:Abbadie, Beke returned the medal awarded him by the See also:French Society. Sec See also:Summary of the See also:late Dr Beke's published See also:works and . . . public services, by his widow (Tunbridge See also:Wells, 1876).

End of Article: BEKE, CHARLES TILSTONE (1800-1874)

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