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CHIGWELL

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 133 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CHIGWELL , a See also:

parish and residential See also:district in the See also:Epping See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Essex, See also:England; with stations (Chigwell See also:Lane and Chigwell) on two branches of the See also:Great Eastern railway, 12 M. N.E. from See also:London. Pop. (1901) 2508. The old See also:village See also:church of St See also:Mary, principally Perpendicular, has a See also:Norman See also:south See also:door. The village lies in a See also:branch of the Roding valley, fragments of Hainault See also:Forest lying to the south and See also:east, bordering the village of Chigwell See also:Row. The village of Chigwell appears in the Domesday survey. The pleasant scenery of the neighbourhood, which attracts large See also:numbers both of visitors and of residents from London, is described in See also:Dickens's novel, Barnaby Rudge, and the See also:King's See also:Head See also:Inn, Dickens's " Maypole," still stands. The old See also:grammar school, founded by See also:Samuel See also:Harsnett, See also:archbishop of See also:York (d. 1631), whose See also:fine memorial See also:brass is in St Mary's church, has become one of the See also:minor See also:modern institutions of the See also:English public school type. See also:William See also:Penn attended school at Chigwell from his See also:home at See also:Wanstead. CHIH-LI (" See also:Direct See also:Rule "), the See also:metropolitan See also:province of See also:China, in which is situated See also:Peking, the See also:capital of the See also:empire.

It contains eleven prefectural cities, and occupies an See also:

area of 58,950 sq. m. The See also:population is 29,400,000, the vast majorityof whom are See also:resident in the See also:plain See also:country. This province forms See also:part of the great See also:delta plain of China proper, 20,000 sq. m. of which are within the provincial boundaries; the See also:remainder of the territory consists of the See also:mountain ranges which define its See also:northern and western frontier. The plain of Chih-li is formed principally by detritus deposited by the Pei-ho and its tributary the Hun-ho (" muddy See also:river "), otherwise known as the Yungting-ko, and other streams having their See also:sources in mountains of Shan-si and other ranges. It is bounded E. by the Gulf of Chih-li and Shan-tung, and S. by Shan-tung and Ho-nan. The proportion of Mahommedans among the population is very large. In Peking there are said to be as many as 20,000 See also:Mahommedan families, and in Pao-ting Fu, the capital of the province, there are about r000 followers of the See also:prophet. The extremes of See also:heat and See also:cold in Chih-li are very marked. During the months of See also:December, See also:January and See also:February the See also:rivers are frozen up, and even the Gulf of Chih-li is fringed with a broad border of See also:ice. There are four rivers of some importance in the province: the Pei-ho, with the Hun-ho, which rises in the mountains in See also:Mongolia and, flowing to the See also:west of Peking, forms a junction with the Pei-ho at See also:Tientsin; the Shang-si-ho, which rises in the mountains on the See also:north of the province of Shan-si, and takes a south-easterly course as far as the neighbourhood of Ki Chow, from which point it trends north-east and eventually joines the Hun-ho some 15 M. above Tientsin; the Pu-to-ho, which rises in Shan-si, and after See also:running a parallel course to Shang-si-ho on the south, empties itself in the same way into the Hun-ho; and the Lan-ho, which rises in Mongolia, enters the province on the north-east after passing to the west of See also:Jehol, passes the See also:city of Yung-p'See also:ing Fu in its course (which is south-easterly) through Chih-li, and from thence winds its way to the north-eastern boundary of the Gulf of Chih-li. The province contains three lakes of considerable See also:size. The largest is the Ta-lu-tsze Hu, which lies in 370 40' N. and 115° 20' E.; the second in importance is one which is situated to the east of Pao-ting Fu; and the third is the See also:Tulu-tsze Hu, which lies east by north of Shun-te Fu.

Four high roads radiate from Peking, one leading to See also:

Urga by way of Suan-hwa Fu, which passes through the Great See also:Wall at Chang-kiu K'ow; another, which enters Mongolia through the Ku-poi K'ow to the north-east, and after continuing that course as far as Fung-ning turns in a north-See also:westerly direction to Dolonnor; a third striking due east by way of Tung-chow and Yung-Ong Fu to Shan-See also:hai Kwan, the point where the Great Wall terminates on the See also:coast; and a See also:fourth which trends in a south-westerly direction to Pao-ting Fu and on to T'ai-yuen Fu in Shan-si. The mountain ranges to the north of the province abound with See also:coal., notably at Chai-tang, T'ai-gan-shan, Miao-gan-See also:ling, and Fu-tao in the Si-shan or Western Hills. " At Chai-tang," wrote See also:Baron von See also:Richthofen, " I was surprised to walk over a See also:regular See also:succession of coal-bearing strata, the thickness of which, estimating it step by step as I proceeded gradually from the lowest to the highest strata, exceeds 7000 ft." The coal here is See also:anthracite, as is also that at T'ai-gan-shan, where are found beds of greaten value than any in the neighbourhood of Peking. In Suan-hwa Fu coal is also found, but not in such quantities as in the places above named. See also:Iron and See also:silver also exist in small quantities in different parts of the province, and hot and warm springs are very See also:common at the See also:foot of the hills along the northern and western edges of the province. The See also:principal agricultural See also:pro-ducts are See also:wheat, kao-liang, oats, See also:millet, See also:maize, See also:pulse and potatoes. Fruits and vegetables are also grown in large quantities. Of the former the See also:chief kinds are See also:pears, apples, plums, apricots, peaches, persimmons and melons. Tientsin is the Treaty See also:Port of the province.

End of Article: CHIGWELL

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