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CHRISTIAN IX

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 279 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CHRISTIAN IX . (1818–1906), See also:king of See also:Denmark, was a younger son of See also:William, See also:duke of See also:Schleswig-See also:Holstein-See also:Sonderburg-See also:Glucksburg (d. 1831), a See also:direct descendant of the Danish king Christian III. by his wife See also:Louise, a daughter of See also:Charles, See also:prince of See also:Hesse-See also:Cassel (d. '836), and See also:grand-daughter of King See also:Frederick V. See also:Born at Gottorp on the 8th of See also:April 1818, Christian entered the See also:army, and alone among the members of his See also:family served with the Danish troops in Schleswig during the insurrection of '848; but he was a personage of little importance until about 1852, ten years after his See also:marriage with Louise (18'7–'898), daughter of William, prince of Hesse-Cassel (d. '867), and See also:cousin of King Frederick VII. At this See also:time it became imperative that satisfactory See also:provision should be made for the See also:succession to the Danish See also:throne. The reigning king, Frederick VII., was childless, and the representatives of the See also:great See also:powers met in See also:London and settled the See also:crown on Prince Christian and his wife (May 1852), an arrangement which became See also:part of the See also:law of Denmark in 1853. The " See also:protocol king," as Christian was sometimes called, ascended the throne on Frederick's See also:death in See also:November '863, and was at once faced by formidable difficulties. Reluctantly he assented to the policy which led to See also:war with the combined See also:power of See also:Austria and See also:Prussia, and to the separation of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and See also:Lauenburg from Denmark (see SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION). Within the narrowed limits of his See also:kingdom Christian's difficulties were more protracted and hardly less serious. During almost the whole of his reign the Danes were engaged in a See also:political struggle between the " Right " and the " See also:Left," the party of See also:order and the party of progress, the former being supported in See also:general by the Landsting, and the latter by the Folketing.

The king's sympathies See also:

lay with the more conservative See also:section of his subjects, and for many years he was successful in preventing the Radicals from coming into See also:office. The See also:march of events, however, was too strong for him, and in 1901 he assented in a dignified manner to the formation of a " See also:cabinet of the Left " (see DENMARK: See also:History). In spite of these political disturbances Christian's popularity with his See also:people See also:grew steadily, and was enhanced by the patriarchal and unique position which in his later years he occupied in See also:Europe. With his wife, often called " the aunt of all Europe," he' was related to nearly all the See also:European sovereigns. His eldest son Frederick had married a daughter of Charles XV. of See also:Sweden; his second son See also:George had been king of the Hellenes since '863; and his youngest son Waldemar (b. '858) was married to See also:Marie d'See also:Orleans, daughter of See also:Robert, duc de See also:Chartres. Of his three daughters, Alexandra married See also:Edward VII. of Great See also:Britain; Dagmar (Marie), the See also:tsar See also:Alexander III.; and Thyra, Ernest See also:Augustus, duke of See also:Cumberland. One of his grandsons, Charles, became king of See also:Norway as See also:Haakon VII. in 1905, and another, See also:Constantine, crown prince of See also:Greece, married a See also:sister of the See also:German See also:emperor William II. Christian was also the ruler of See also:Iceland, where he was received with great See also:enthusiasm when he visited the See also:island in 1874. He died at See also:Copenhagen on the 29th of See also:January 1906, and was buried at See also:Roskilde. See Barfod, See also:Kong Kristian IX.'s Regerings-Dagbog (Copenhagen, 1876) ; and Hans Majestet Kong Kristian IX. (Copenhagen, 1888).

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