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See also:ELIOT, See also:JOHN (1604-1690) , See also:American colonial clergyman, known as the " Apostle to the See also:Indians," was See also:born probably at Widford, See also:Hertfordshire, See also:England, where he was baptized on the 5th of See also:August 1604. He was the son of See also:Bennett Eliot, a See also:middle-class See also:farmer. Little is known of his boyhood and See also:early manhood except that he took his degree of B.A. at Jesus See also:College, See also:Cam-See also:bridge, in 1622. It seems probable that he entered the See also:ministry of the Established See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, but there is nothing definitely known of him until 1629-163o, when he became an See also:- USHER (O. Fr. ussier, uissier, mod. huissier, from Lat. ostiarius, a door-keeper, ostium, doorway, entrance, os, mouth)
- USHER (or USSHER), JAMES (1581-1656)
usher or assistant at the school of the Rev. See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:- HOOKER, JOSEPH (1814–1879)
- HOOKER, RICHARD (1553-1600)
- HOOKER, SIR JOSEPH DALTON (1817— English botanist and traveller, second son of the famous botanist Sir W.J.Hooker, was born on the 3oth of June 1817, at Halesworth, Suffolk. He was educated at Glasgow University, and almost immediately after taking his M.
- HOOKER, SIR WILLIAM JACKSON (1785–1865)
- HOOKER, THOMAS (1586–1647)
Hooker, at Little Baddow, near See also:Chelmsford. The See also:influence of Hooker apparently determined
him to become a Puritan, but his connexion with the school ceased in 163o, when See also:Laud's persecutions drove Hooker into See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile. The realization of the difficulties in the way of a non-conforming clergyman in England undoubtedly determined Eliot to emigrate to See also:America in the autumn of 1631, where he settled first at See also:Boston, assisting for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time at the First Church. In See also:November 1632 he became " teacher " to the church at See also:Roxbury, with which his connexion lasted until his See also:death. There he married Hannah Mulford, who had been betrothed to him in England, and who became his See also:constant helper. In the care of the Roxbury church he was associated with Thomas Welde from 1632 to 1641, with See also:Samuel Danforth (1626-1674) from 1649 to 1674, and with See also:Nehemiah See also:Walter (1663-1750) from 1688 to 169o.
Inspired with the See also:idea of converting the Indians, his first step was to perfect himself in their dialects, which he did by the assistance of a See also:young See also:Indian whom he received into his See also:home. With his aid he translated the Ten Commandments and the See also:Lord's See also:Prayer. He first successfully preached to the Indians in their own See also:tongue at Nonantum (See also:Newton) in See also:October 1646. At the third See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting several Indians declared themselves converted, and were soon followed by many others. Eliot induced the See also:Massachusetts See also:General See also:Court to set aside See also:land for their See also:residence, the same See also:body also voting him £10 to prosecute the See also:work, and directing that two clergymen be annually elected by the See also:clergy as preachers to the Indians. As soon as the success of Eliot's endeavours became known, the necessary funds flowed in upon him from private See also:sources in both Old and New England. In See also:July 1649 See also:parliament incorporated the " Society for the See also:Propagation of the See also:Gospel in New England," which henceforth sup-ported and directed the work inaugurated by Eliot. The first See also:appeal for aid brought contributions of £II,000. In 1651 the See also:Christian Indian See also:town founded by Eliot was removed from Nonantum to See also:Natick, where residences, a meeting-See also:house, and a school-house were erected, and where Eliot preached, when able, once in every two See also:weeks as See also:long as he lived. To this community Eliot applied a See also:plan of See also:government by means of tens, fifties and hundreds, which he subsequently advocated as suitable for all England. Eliot's missionary labours encouraged others to follow in his footsteps. A second town under his direction was established at Ponkapog (See also:Stoughton) in 1654, in which he had the assistance of See also:Daniel Gookin (c. 1612-1687). His success was duplicated in Martha's Vineyard and See also:Nantucket by the Mayhews, and by 1674 the unofficial See also:census of the " praying Indians " numbered 4000. See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip's See also:War (1675-76) was a staggering See also:blow to all missionary enterprise; and although few of the converted Indians proved disloyal, it was some years before adequate support could again be enlisted. "'Yet at Eliot's death, which occurred at Roxbury on the 21st of May 169o, the See also:missions were at the height of their prosperity, and that the results of his labours were not permanent was due only to the racial traits of the New England tribes.
Of wider influence and more lasting value than his See also:personal labours as a missionary was Eliot's work as a translator of the See also:Bible and various religious See also:works into the Massachusetts See also:dialect of the Algonquian See also:language. The first work completed was the See also:Catechism, published in 1653 at See also:Cambridge, Massachusetts, the first See also:book to be printed in the Indian tongue. Several years elapsed before Eliot completed his task of translating the Bible. The New Testament was at last issued in 1661, and the Old Testament followed two years later. The New Testament was See also:bound with it, and thus the whole Bible was completed. To it were added a Catechism and a metrical version of the See also:Psalms. The See also:title of this Bible, now a See also:great rarity, is Mamussee Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum See also:God naneeswe Nukkone Testament kah See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk Wusku Testament-Ne quoshkinnumuk nashpe Wuttinneumoh See also:Christ noh assoowesit John Eliot; literally translated, " The Whole See also:Holy His-Bible God, both Old Testament and also New Testament. This turned by the-servant-of-Christ, who is called John Eliot."
This book was printed in 1663 at Cambridge, See also:Mass., by Samuel See also:Green and Marmaduke See also:- JOHNSON, ANDREW
- JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
- JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
- JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
- JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
- JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
- JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
- JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
- JOHNSON, THOMAS
Johnson, and was the first Bible printed in America. In 1685 appeared a second edition, in the preparationof which Eliot was assisted by the Rev. John See also:Cotton (164o-1699), the younger, of See also:Plymouth, who also had a wide knowledge of the Indian tongue.
Besides his Bible, Eliot published at Cambridge in 1664 a See also:translation of See also:Baxter's See also:Call to the Unconverted, and in 1665 an abridged translation of See also:Bishop See also:Bayly's Practice of Piety. With the assistance of his sons he completed (1664) his well-known Indian See also:Grammar Begun, printed at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1666. It was reprinted in vol. ix. of the Collections of the Massachusetts See also:Historical Society. The Indian Primer, comprising an exposition of the Lord's Prayer and a translation of the Larger Catechism, was published at Cambridge in 1669, and was reprinted under the editorial superintendence of Mr John Small of the university of 'See also:Edinburgh in 1577. In 1671 Eliot printed in See also:English a little See also:volume entitled Indian Dialogues, followed in 1672 by his Logick Primer, both of which were intended for the instruction of the Indians in English. His last translation was Thomas Shepard's Sincere Convert, completed and published by See also:Grindal Rawson in 1689. Eliot's See also:literary activity, however, extended into other See also:fields than that of Indian instruction. He was, with See also:Richard See also:Mather, one of the editors of the See also:Bay See also:Psalm Book (164o). Several tracts written wholly or in See also:part by him in the nature of reports to the society which supported his missions were published at various times in England. In 166o he published a curious See also:treatise on government entitled The Christian See also:Commonwealth, in which he found the ideal of government in the See also:ancient Jewish See also:state, and proposed the reorganization of the English government on the basis of a numerical subdivision of the inhabitants. His See also:Harmony of the Gospels (1678) was a See also:life of Jesus Christ.
End of Article: ELIOT, JOHN (1604-1690)
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