|
See also:EUGENIUS IV . (See also:Gabriel Condulmieri), See also:pope from the 3rd of See also:March 1431 to the 23rd of See also:February 1447, was See also:born at See also:Venice of a See also:merchant See also:family in 1383. He entered the See also:Celestine See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order and came into prominence during the pontificate of his See also:uncle, See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory XII., by whom he was appointed See also:bishop of See also:Siena, papal treasurer, protonotary, See also:cardinal-See also:priest of St Marco e St Clemente, and later cardinal-priest of Sta Maria in Trastevere. His violent See also:measures, as pope, against the relations of his predecessor, See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin V., at once involved him in a serious contest with the powerful See also:house of See also:Colonna. But by far the most important feature of Eugenius's pontificate was the See also:great struggle between pope and See also:council. On the 23rd of See also:July 1431 his See also:legate opened the council of See also:Basel which had been convoked by Martin, but, distrustful of its purposes and moved by the small attendance, the pope issued a See also:bull on the 18th of See also:December 1431, dissolving the council and calling a new one to meet in eighteen months at See also:Bologna. The council refused to dissolve, renewed the revolutionary resolutions by which the council of See also:Constance had been declared See also:superior to the pope, and cited Eugenius to appear at Basel. A See also:compromise was arranged by Sigisfnund, who had been crowned See also:emperor at See also:Rome on the 31st of May 1433, by which the pope recalled the bull of See also:dissolution, and, reserving the rights of the See also:Holy See, acknowledged the council as ecumenical (15th of December 1433). The See also:establishment of an insurrectionary re-public at Rome drove him into See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile in May 1434, and, although the See also:city was restored to obedience in the following See also:October, he remained at See also:Florence and Bologna. Meanwhile the struggle with the council See also:broke out anew. Eugenius at length convened a See also:rival council at See also:Ferrara on the 8th of See also:January 1438 and ex-communicated the prelates assembled at Basel. The result was that the latter formally deposed him as a heretic on the 25th of See also:June 1439, and in the following See also:November elected the ambitious Amadeus VIII., See also:duke of See also:Savoy, antipope under the See also:title of See also:Felix V. The conduct of See also:France and See also:Germany seemed to See also:warrant this See also:action, for See also:Charles VII. had introduced the decrees of the council of Basel, with slight changes, into the former See also:country through the Pragmatic See also:Sanction of See also:Bourges (7th of July 1438), and the See also:diet of See also:Mainz had deprived the pope of most of his rights in the latter country (26th of March 1439). At Florence, whither the council of Ferrara had been transferred on See also:account of an outbreak of the See also:plague, was effected in July 1439 a See also:union with the Greeks, which, as the result of See also:political necessities, proved but temporary. This union was followed by others of even less stability. Eugenius signed an agreement with the Armenians on the 22nd of November 1439, and with a See also:part of the See also:Jacobites in 1443; and in 1445 he received the See also:Nestorians and
See also:Maronites. He did his best to See also:stem the See also:Turkish advance, pledging one-fifth of the papal income to the crusade which set out in 1443, but which met with overwhelming defeat. His rival, Felix V., meanwhile obtained small recognition, and the latter's ablest adviser, See also:Aeneas Sylvius See also:Piccolomini, made See also:peace with Eugenius in 1442. The pope's recognition of the claims to See also:Naples of See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Alphonso of See also:Aragon withdrew the last important support from the council of Basel, and enabled him to make a victorious entry into Rome on the 28th of See also:September 1443, after an exile of nearly ten years. His protests against the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges were ineffectual, but by means of the See also:Concordat of the Princes, negotiated by Piccolomini with the See also:electors in February 1447, the whole of Germany declared against the antipope. Although his pontificate had been so stormy and unhappy that he is said to have regretted on his See also:death-See also:bed that he ever See also:left his monastery, nevertheless Eugenius's victory over the council of Basel and his efforts in behalf of See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church unity contributed greatly to break down the conciliar See also:movement and restore the papacy to the position it had held before the Great See also:Schism. Eugenius was dignified in demeanour, but inexperienced and vacillating in action and excitable in See also:temper. See also:Bitter in his hatred of See also:heresy, he yet displayed great kindness to the poor. He laboured to reform the monastic orders, especially the Franciscan, and was never guilty of nepotism. Although a type of the austere See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk in his private See also:life, he was a sincere friend of See also:art and learning, and in 1431 re-established finally the university at Rome. He died on the 23rd of February 1447, and was succeeded by See also:Nicholas V.
See L. Pastor, See also:History of the Popes, vol. i., trans. by F. I. Antrobus (See also:London, 1899) ; M. See also:Creighton, History of the Papacy, vol. 3 (London, 1899) ; F. See also:Gregorovius, Rome in the See also:Middle Ages, vol. 7, trans. by Mrs G. W. See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton (London, 1900–1902); K. J. von See also:Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, Bd. 7, 2nd ed.; H. H. See also:Milman, Latin See also:Christianity, vol. 8 (London, 1896); G. Voigt, Enea Silvio de Piccolomini, Bd. 1-3 (See also:Berlin, 1856) ; Aus den Annaten-Registern der Papste Eugen IV., See also:Pius II., See also:Paul II. u. See also:Sixtus IV., ed. by K. Hayn (See also:Cologne, 1896). There is an admirable See also:article by Tschackert in Hauck's Realencyklopddie, 3rd ed. vol. 5. (C. H.
End of Article: EUGENIUS IV
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!