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GEOPONICI ,' or Scriptores rei rusticae, the See also:Greek and See also:Roman writers on husbandry and See also:agriculture. On the whole the Greeks paid less See also:attention than the See also:Romans to the scientific study of these subjects, which in classical times they regarded as a See also:branch of See also:economics. Thus See also:Xenophon's Oeconomicus (see also Memorabilia, ii. 4) contains a eulogy of agriculture and its beneficial ethical effects, and much See also:information is to be found in the writings of See also:Aristotle and his See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil See also:Theophrastus. About the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time as Xenophon, the philosopher See also:Democritus of See also:Abdera wrote a See also:treatise Hepi Fewpytas, frequently quoted and much used by the later compilers of Geoponica (agricultural See also:treatises). Greater attention was given to the subject in the Alexandrian See also:period; a See also:long See also:list of names is given by See also:Varro and See also:Columella, amongst them See also:Hiero II. and Attalus III. Philometor. Later, See also:Cassius See also:Dionysius of See also:Utica translated and abridged the See also:great See also:work of the Carthaginian See also:Mago, which was still further condensed by Diophanes of See also:Nicaea in See also:Bithynia for the use of See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Deiotarus. From these and similar See also:works See also:Cassianus See also:Bassus (q.v.) compiled his Geoponica. Mention may also be made of a little work Hept FewpytKWv by See also:Michael See also:Psellus (printed in Boissonade, Anecdota Graeca, i.).
The Romans, aware of the See also:necessity of maintaining a numerous and thriving See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of agriculturists, from very See also:early times endeavoured to instil into their countrymen both a theoretical and a See also:practical knowledge of the subject. The occupation of the See also:farmer was regarded as next in importance to that of the soldier, and distinguished Romans did not disdain to practise it. In furtherance of this See also:object, the great work of Mago was translated into Latin by order of the See also:senate, and the See also:elder See also:Cato wrote his De agri cultura (extant in a very 'corrupt See also:state), a See also:simple See also:record in homely See also:language of the rules observed by the old, Roman landed proprietors rather than a theoretical treatise. He was followed by the two Sasernae (See also:father and son) and Gnaeus Tre:nellius Scrofa, whose works are lost. The learned See also:Marcus Terentius Varro of Reate, when eighty years of See also:age, composed his Rerum rusticarum, libri tres, dealing with agriculture, the
' The latinized See also:form of a non-existent rew7rovsKOt, used for convenience.
suffered martyrdom, among whom also the See also:Holy See also:George was martyred."
Two Syrian See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church See also:inscriptions bearing the name, one at Ezr'a and the other at Shaka, found by See also:Burckhardt and See also:Porter, and discussed by J. See also:Hogg in the Transactions of the Royal See also:Literary Society, may with some See also:probability be assigned to the See also:middle of the 4th See also:century. See also:Calvin impugned the See also:saint's existence altogether, and See also:Edward See also:Reynolds (r 599-1676) ,See also:bishop of See also:Norwich, like Edward See also:Gibbon a century later, made him one with George of See also:Laodicea, called " the Cappadocian," the Arian bishop of See also:Alexandria (see GEORGE OF LAODICEA).
See also:Modern See also:criticism, while rejecting this See also:identification, is not unwilling to accept the See also:main fact that an officer named Georgios, of high See also:rank in the See also:army, suffered martyrdom probably under See also:Diocletian. In the See also:canon of See also:Pope See also:Gelasius (494) George is mentioned in a list of those " whose names are justly reverenced among men, but whose acts are known only to See also:God," a statement which implies that legends had already grown up around his name. The caution of Gelasius was not long preserved; See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory of See also:Tours, for example, asserts that the saint's See also:relics actually existed in the See also:French See also:village of Le See also:Maine, where many miracles were wrought by means of them; and See also:Bede, while still explaining that the Gesta Georgii are reckoned apocryphal, commits himself to the statement that the See also:martyr was beheaded under Dacian, king of See also:Persia, whose wife Alexandra, however, adhered to the See also:Christian faith. The great fame of George, who is reverenced alike by Eastern and Western Christendom and by Mahommedans, is due to many causes. He was martyred on the See also:eve of the See also:triumph of See also:Christianity, his See also:shrine was reared near the See also:scene of a great Greek See also:legend (See also:Perseus and See also:Andromeda), and his relics when removed from Lydda, where many pilgrims had visited them, to Zorava in the Hauran served to impress his fame not only on the Syrian See also:population, but on their Moslem conquerors, and again on the Crusaders, who in grateful memory of the saint's intervention on their behalf at See also:Antioch built a new See also:cathedral at Lydda to take the See also:place of the church destroyed by the See also:Saracens. This cathedral was in turn destroyed by See also:Saladin.
The connexion of St George with a See also:dragon, See also:familiar since the See also:Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine, can be traced to the See also:close of the 6th century. At See also:Arsuf or Joppa—neither of them far from Lydda—Perseus had slain the See also:sea-See also:monster that threatened the virgin Andromeda, and George, like many another Christian saint, entered into the See also:inheritance of veneration previously enjoyed by a See also:pagan See also:hero.' The exploit thus attaches itself to the very See also:common See also:Aryan myth of the See also:sun-god as the conqueror of the See also:powers of darkness.
The popularity of St George in See also:England has never reached the height attained by St See also:Andrew in See also:Scotland, St See also:David in See also:Wales or St See also:Patrick in See also:Ireland. The See also:council of See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford in 1222 ordered that his feast should be kept as a See also:national festival; but it was not until the time of Edward III. that he was made See also:patron of the See also:kingdom. The republics of See also:Genoa and See also:Venice were also under his See also:protection.
Sec P. Heylin, The See also:History of ... S. George of See also:Cappadocia (1631); S. See also:Baring-See also:Gould, Curious Myths of the Middle Ages; Fr. See also:Gorres, " Der See also:Ritter St Georg in der Geschichte, Legende and Kunst " (Zeitschrift See also:fur wissenschaftliche Theologie, See also:xxx., 1887, Heft i.); E. A. W. Budge, The Martyrdom and Miracles of St George of Cappadocia: the Coptic texts edited with an See also:English See also:translation (1888) ; See also:Rolland, Ada Sancti, iii. ioi ; E. O. See also:Gordon, Saint George (1907) ; M. H. Gulley, St George for Merrie England (1908).
End of Article: GEOPONICI
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