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See also:GOULD, See also:JAY (1836-1892) , See also:American financier, was See also:born in See also:Roxbury, See also:Delaware See also:county, New See also:York, on the 27th of May 1836. He was brought up on his See also:father's See also:farm, studied at See also:Hobart See also:Academy, and though he See also:left school in his sixteenth See also:year, devoted himself assiduously thereafter to private study, chiefly of See also:mathematics and See also:surveying, at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time keeping books for a blacksmith for his See also:board. For a See also:short time he worked for his father in the hardware business; in 1852-1856 he worked as a surveyor in preparing maps of See also:Ulster, See also:Albany and Delaware counties in New York, of See also:Lake and Geauga counties in See also:Ohio, and of See also:Oakland county in See also:Michigan, and of a projected railway See also:line between See also:Newburgh and See also:Syracuse, N.Y. An ardent See also:anti-renter in his boyhood and youth, he wrote A'See also:History of Delaware County and the Border See also:Wars of New York, containing a See also:Sketch of the See also:Early Settlements in the County, and A History of the See also:Late Anti-See also:Rent Difficulties in Delaware (Roxbury, 1856). He then engaged in the See also:lumber and tanning business in western New York, and in banking at Stroudsburg, See also:Pennsylvania. In 1863 he married See also:Miss See also:Helen See also:Day See also:Miller, and through her father, See also:Daniel S. Miller, he was appointed manager of the See also:Rensselaer & See also:Saratoga railway, which he bought up when it was in a very See also:bad See also:condition, and skilfully reorganized; in the same way he bought and reorganized the See also:Rutland & See also:Washington railway, from which he ultimately realized a large profit. In 1859 he removed to New York See also:City, where he became a See also:broker in railway See also:stocks, and in 1868 he was elected See also:president of the See also:Erie railway, of which by shrewd See also:strategy he and See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Fisk, Jr.(q.v.), had gained See also:control in See also:July of that year. The management of the road under his control, and especially the See also:sale of $5,000,000 of fraudulent stock in 1868-187o, led to litigation begun by See also:English See also:bond-holders, and Gould was forced out of the See also:company in See also:March 1872 and compelled to restore securities valued at about $7,500,000. It was during his control of the Erie that he and Fisk entered into a See also:league with the See also:Tweed See also:Ring, they admitted Tweed to the directorate of the Erie, and Tweed in turn arranged favourable legislation for them at Albany. With Tweed, Gould was cartooned by See also:Nast in 1869. In See also:October 1871 Gould was the See also:chief bondsman of Tweed when the latter was held in $I,000,000 See also:bail. With Fisk in See also:August 1869 he began to buy See also:gold in a daring
See also:attempt to " corner " the See also:market, his See also:hope being that, with the advance in See also:price of gold, See also:wheat would advance to such a price that western farmers would sell, and there would be a consequent See also:great See also:movement of breadstuffs from See also:West to See also:East, which would result in increased See also:freight business for the Erie road. His speculations in gold, during which he attempted through President See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
Grant's See also:brother-in-See also:law, A. H. Corbin, to See also:influence the president and his secretary See also:General See also:Horace See also:Porter, culminated in the panic of " See also:Black See also:Friday," on the 24th of See also:September 1869, when the price of gold See also:fell from 162 to 135.
Gould gained control of the See also:Union Pacific, from which in 1883 he withdrew after realizing a large profit. Buying up the stock of the See also:Missouri Pacific he built up, by means of consolidations, reorganizations, and the construction of See also:branch lines, the " Gould See also:System " of See also:railways in the See also:south-western states. In r88o he was in virtual control of Io,000,See also:miles of railway, about one-ninth of the railway mileage of the See also:United States at that time. Besides, he obtained a controlling See also:interest in the Western. Union See also:Telegraph Company, and after 1881 in the elevated railways in New York City, and was intimately connected with many of the largest railway See also:financial operations in the United States for the twenty years following r868. He died of See also:consumption and of See also:mental See also:strain on the 2nd of See also:December 1892, his See also:fortune at that time being estimated at $72,000,000; all of this he left to his own See also:family.
His eldest son, See also:GEORGE JAY GOULD (b. 1864), was prominent also as an owner and manager of railways, and became president of the Little See also:Rock & Fort See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith railway (1888), the St See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis, See also:Iron See also:Mountain & See also:Southern railway (1893), the See also:International & Great See also:Northern railway (1893), the Missouri Pacific railway (1893), the See also:Texas & Pacific railway (1893), and the Manhattan Railway Company (1892); he was also See also:vice-president and director of the Western Union Telegraph Company. It was under his control that the See also:Wabash system became transcontinental and secured an See also:Atlantic See also:port at See also:Baltimore; and it was he who brought about a friendly See also:alliance between the Gould and the See also:Rockefeller interests.
The eldest daughter, HELEN MILLER Gouw (b. 1868), became widely known as a philanthropist, and particularly for her generous gifts to American See also:army hospitals in the See also:war with See also:Spain in 1898 and for her many contributions to New York University, to which she gave $250,000 for a library in 1895 and $1oo,000 for a See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall of Fame in 1900.
End of Article: GOULD, JAY (1836-1892)
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