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See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
HENRY V . (1(381–1125), See also:Roman See also:emperor, son of the emperor Henry IV., was See also:born on the 8th of See also:January ro81, and after the revolt and deposition of his See also:elder See also:brother, the See also:German See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king See also:Conrad (d. See also:riot), was chosen as his successor in 1098. He promised to take no See also:part in the business of the See also:Empire during his See also:father's lifetime, and was crowned at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle on the 6th of January 1099. In spite of his See also:oath Henry was induced by his father's enemies to revolt in 1104, and some of the princes did See also:homage to him at See also:Mainz in January i io6. In See also:August of the same See also:year the elder Henry died, when his son became See also:sole ruler of the Empire. See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
Order was soon restored in See also:Germany, the citizens of See also:Cologne were punished by a See also:fine, and an expedition against See also:Robert II., See also:count of See also:Flanders, brought this See also:rebel to his knees. In 1 107 a See also:campaign, which was only partially successful, was undertaken to restore Boiiwoj II. to the dukedom of Bohemia, and in the year following the king led his forces into See also:Hungary, where he failed to take See also:Pressburg. In 1109 he was unable to compel the Poles to renew their accustomed See also:tribute, but in 1110 he succeeded in securing the dukedom of Bohemia for See also:Ladislaus I.
The See also:main See also:interest of Henry's reign centres in the controversy over See also:lay See also:investiture, which had caused a serious dispute during the previous reign. The papal party who had supported Henry in his resistance to his father hoped he would assent to the decrees of the See also:pope, which had been renewed by See also:Paschal II. at the See also:synod of See also:Guastalla in iio6. The king, however, continued to invest the bishops, but wished the pope to hold a See also:council in Germany to See also:settle the question. Paschal after some hesitation preferred See also:France to Germany, and, after holding a council at See also:Troyes, renewed his See also:prohibition of lay investiture. The See also:matter slumbered until 1r to, when, negotiations between king and pope having failed, Paschal renewed his decrees and Henry went to See also:Italy with a large See also:army. The strength of his forces helped him to secure See also:general recognition in See also:Lombardy, and at See also:Sutri he concluded an arrangement with Paschal by which he renounced the right of investiture in return for a promise of See also:coronation, and the restoration to the Empire of all lands given by See also:kings, or emperors, to the German See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church since the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Charlemagne. It was a treaty impossible to execute, and Henry, whose consent to it is said to have been conditional on its See also:acceptance by the princes and bishops of Germany, probably foresaw that it would occasion a See also:breach between the German See also:clergy and the pope. Having entered See also:Rome and sworn the usual oaths, the king presented himself at St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's on the 12th of See also:February 1111 for his coronation and the ratification of the treaty. The words commanding the clergy to restore the fiefs of the See also:crown to Henry were read amid a tumult of indignation, whereupon the pope refused to crown the king, who in return declined to See also:hand over his renunciation of the right of investiture. Paschal was seized by Henry's soldiers and, in the general disorder into which the See also:city was thrown, an See also:attempt to liberate the pontiff was thwarted in a struggle during which the king himself was wounded. Henry then See also:left the city carrying the pope with him; and Paschal's failure to obtain assistance See also:drew from him a See also:confirmation of the king's right of investiture and a promise to crown him emperor. The coronation ceremony accordingly took See also:place on the 13th of See also:April 1111, after which the emperor returned to Germany, where he sought to strengthen his See also:power by granting privileges to the inhabitants of the region of the upper See also:Rhine.
In 1112 See also:Lothair, See also:duke of See also:Saxony, See also:rose in arms against Henry, but was easily quelled. In 1113, however, a See also:quarrel over the See also:succession to the counties of See also:Weimar and Orlamunde gave occasion for a fresh outbreak on the part of Lothair, whose troops were defeated at Warnstadt, after which the duke was pardoned. Having been married at Mainz on the 7th of January 11 14 to See also:Matilda, or Maud, daughter of Henry I., king of See also:England, the emperor was confronted with a further rising, initiated by thecitizens of Cologne, who were soon joined by the See also:Saxons and others. Henry failed to take Cologne, his forces were defeated at Welfesholz on the rith of February 1115, and complications in Italy compelled him to leave Germany to the care of See also:Frederick II. of See also:Hohenstaufen, duke of See also:Swabia, and his brother Conrad, afterwards the German king Conrad III. After the departure of Henry from Rome in 1111 a council had declared the See also:privilege of lay investiture, which had been extorted from Paschal, to be invalid, and Guido, See also:archbishop of See also:Vienne, excommunicated the emperor and called upon the pope to ratify this See also:sentence. Paschal, however, refused to take so extreme a step; and the quarrel entered upon a new See also:stage in 1115 when Matilda, daughter and heiress of See also:Boniface, See also:margrave of See also:Tuscany, died leaving her vast estates to the papacy. See also:Crossing the See also:Alps in 1116 Henry won the support of See also:town and See also:noble by privileges to the one and presents to the other, took See also:possession of Matilda's lands, and was gladly received in Rome. By this time Paschal had withdrawn his consent to lay investiture and the See also:excommunication had been published in Rome; but the pope was compelled to See also:fly from the city. Some of the cardinals withstood the emperor, but by means of bribes he See also:broke down the opposition, and was crowned a second time by Burdinas, archbishop of See also:Braga. Meanwhile the defeat at Welfesholz had given See also:heart to Henry's enemies; many of his supporters, especially among the bishops, See also:fell away; the excommunication was published at Cologne, and the pope, with the assistance of the See also:Normans, began to make See also:war. In January 1118 Paschal died and was succeeded by See also:Gelasius II. The emperor immediately returned from See also:northern Italy to Rome. But as the new pope escaped from the city, Henry, despairing of making a treaty, secured the See also:election of an antipope who took the name of See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory VIII., and who was left in possession of Rome when the emperor returned across the Alps in 1118. The opposition in Germany was gradually crushed and a general See also:peace declared at Tribur, while the See also:desire for a See also:settlement of the investiture dispute was growing. Negotiations, begun at See also:Wurzburg, were continued at See also:Worms, where the new pope, See also:Calixtus II., was represented by See also:Cardinal See also:Lambert, See also:bishop of See also:Ostia. In the See also:concordat of Worms, signed in See also:September 1122; Henry renounced the right of investiture with See also:ring and See also:crozier, recognized the freedom of election of the clergy and promised to restore all church See also:property.
The pope agreed to allow elections to take place in presence of the imperial envoys, and the investiture with the See also:sceptre to be granted by the emperor as a See also:symbol that the estates of the church were held under the crown. Henry, who had been solemnly excommunicated at See also:Reims by Calixtus in See also:October ring, was received again into the communion of the church, after he had abandoned his nominee, Gregory, to defeat and banishment. The emperor's concluding years were occupied with a campaign in See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, and with a quarrel over the succession to the margraviate of See also:Meissen, two disputes in which his enemies were aided by Lothair of Saxony. In 1124 he led an expedition against King See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis VI. of France, turned his arms against the citizens of Worms, and on the 23rd of May 1125 died at See also:Utrecht and was buried at See also:Spires. Having no See also:children, he left his possessions to his See also:nephew, Frederick II. of Hohenstaufen, duke of Swabia, and on his See also:death the See also:line of Franconian, or Salian, emperors became See also:extinct.
The See also:character of Henry is unattractive. His love of power was inordinate; he was wanting in generosity, and he did not shrink from treachery in pursuing his ends.
The See also:chief authority for the See also:life and reign of Henry V. is Ekkehard of See also:Aura, Chronicon, edited by G. See also:Waitz in the See also:Monument$ Germaniae hisiorica. Scriptores, See also:Band vi. (See also:Hanover and See also:Berlin, 1826—1892). See also W. von See also:Giesebrecht, Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit, Band iii. (See also:Leipzig, 1881—189o); L. von See also:Ranke, Weltgeschichte, pt. vii. (Leipzig, 1886) ; M. Manitius, Deutsche Geschichte (See also:Stuttgart, 1889) ; G. See also:Meyer von Knonau, Jahrbitcher See also:des deutschen Reiches unter Heinrich IV. and Heinrich V. (Leipzig, 189o); E. See also:Gervais, Politische Geschichte Deutschlands unter der Regierung der Kaiser Heinrich V. and Lothar See also:Ili. (Leipzig, 1841—1842) ; G. Peiser, Der deutsche Investiturstreit unter Kaiser Heinrich V. (Berlin, 1883) ; C. Stutzer, " Zur Kritik der Investiturverhandlungen See also:im Jahre I119," in the Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte, Band xviii. (See also:Gottingen, 1862–1886) ; T. von Sickel and H. Bresslau, " See also:Die
VI.
278
kaiserliche Ausfertigung des Wormser Konkordats," in the Mittheilungen des Instituts See also:fur osterreich-ische Geschichtsforschung (See also:Innsbruck, 188o); B. Gebhardt, Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte, Band i. (Berlin, r901), and E. Bernheim, Zur Geschichte des Wormser Konkordats (Gottingen, 1878).
End of Article: HENRY V
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