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climate, and Gerarde (Herbal, 1597) figures and describes the Raspis or Framboise bush as one of the four kinds of bramble. It is propagated from suckers, which may he taken off the See also:

PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent stools in See also:

OCTOBER

October, and planted in rows 5 Or 6 ft. apart, and at 3 ft. asunder in the rows. It is the See also:

HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of the plant to throw up from the See also:

root every See also:

YEAR

year a number of shoots or canes, which See also:

bear fruit in the subsequent year, and then decay. In dressing the See also:

PLANTS

plants, which is done immediately after the See also:

CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop is gathered, all these exhausted stems are cut away, and of the See also:

young canes only three or four of the strongest are See also:

LEFT

left, which are shortened about a third. The stems, being too weak to stand by themselves, are sometimes connected together by the points in the See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

ARCHES, COURT OF

arches, or a stake is driven in midway between the plants, and See also:

HALF

half the canes are See also:

bent one way and half the other, both being tied to the stake. Sometimes they are tied upright to stakes fixed to each See also:

STOOL

stool. The best support, however, is obtained by fastening the points of the shoots to a slight See also:

HORIZONTAL

horizontal See also:

RAIL

rail or See also:

bar, placed a See also:

FOOT

foot and a half on the See also:

south See also:

side of the rows, by which means the bearing shoots are deflected from the perpendicular to the sunny side of the See also:

ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row, and are not shaded by the See also:

ANNUAL

annual See also:

wood. When this mode of training is adopted, the See also:

plan of planting 1 foot apart in the row and leaving one or two canes only to each shoot is preferable.

The ground between the rows should never be disturbed by deep digging; but an abundant See also:

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good manure should be given annually in autumn as a dressing, which should be forked in regularly to a See also:

DEPTH

depth of 4 or 5 inches. All surplus suckers should be got away See also:

early in the summer before they have robbed the roots—five or six, to be reduced to the four best, being reserved to each root. Fresh plantations of raspberries should be made every six or seven years. The See also:

double-bearing varieties, which continue to fruit during autumn, require See also:

LIGHT

light soils and warm situations. These an honorary member of the Royal Society in See also:

LONDON

London, and he should be cut See also:

close down in See also:

FEBRUARY

February, as it is the strong young I wrote voluminously on all sorts of subjects. In 1774 he started shoots of the current year which bear the See also:

LATE

late autumnal crops. The other varieties may be made to bear in autumn by cutting the stems half-way down at an early See also:

period in See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring; but, as with all other fruits, the flavour of the raspberry is best when it is allowed to ripen at its natural See also:

SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season. The following are some of the finer sorts now in cultivation: Baumforth's Seedling—a large summer-bearing red. See also:

CARTER, ELIZABETH (1717-1806)

Carter's Prolific—a large summer-bearing red. See also:

FASTOLF, SIR JOHN (d. 1459)

Fastolf or Filby—a large summer-bearing red. M'Laren's Prolific—a large double-bearing red. See also:

Northumberland Fillbasket—a large summer red.

October Red—a See also:

FINE

fine autumn-bearing red. October Yellow—a fine autumn-bearing yellow. See also:

Prince of See also:

WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales—a large summer-bearing red. Red See also:

Antwerp—a large summer-bearing red. See also:

Rogers's See also:

Victoria—a large autumn-bearing red. See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round Antwerp—a large summer-bearing red. See also:

SEMLER, JOHANN SALOMO (1725-179I)

Semler Fidelis—an excellent See also:

bright red variety; heavy cropper. Superlative—fruits See also:

rich red; perhaps the best raspberry in cultivation. Sweet Yellow Antwerp—a large summer-bearing yellow. The See also:

EUROPEAN

European raspberry, though admittedly of better quality, has been largely displaced in the See also:

UNITED

United States of See also:

AMERICA

America by a closely allied native See also:

SPECIES

species, R. strigosus, the numerous varieties of which are hardier than the varieties of the European species and ripen their crop much more rapidly. The stems are more slender and flexible than in R. Idaeus, usually See also:

brown or reddish-brown in See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour and beset with stiff straight prickles.

The most important raspberry of cultivation in America is R. occidentalis, the See also:

black raspberry or thimbleberry, which is at once distinguished by its See also:

FIRM

firm black, rarely yellow, fruit. The See also:

PURPLE

purple-See also:

CANE

cane raspberry, R. neglectus, with fruit varying in colcur from dull purple to dark red or sometimes yellowish, is perhaps a hybrid between R. strigosus and R. occidentalis. For a detailed See also:

account of the See also:

AMERICAN

American species of Rubus see F. W. Card, Bush fruits (1898). The Loganberry is a hybrid between the raspberry (Rubus Idaeus) and the See also:

BLACKBERRY, or BRAMBLE

blackberry or bramble (R. fruticosus), and derives its name from its raiser, See also:

JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

Judge See also:

Logan of the American Bar. It is a strong-growing plant, partaking more of the habit of the blackberry than the raspberry, and making shoots often TO to 15 ft. See also:

long in the course of the year. These bear leaves with 5 leaflets, and fruit the following year. The fruiting shoots have leaves with only 3 leaflets; but young and old stems are densely covered with See also:

sharp See also:

CRIMSON

crimson prickles. The fruits are See also:

BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne profusely in loose trusses, and are ripe in See also:

SOUTHERN

southern localities in See also:

JULY

July, and about early See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August in See also:

NORTHERN

northern parts. They are at first reddish like raspberries in a half-ripened See also:

state, but when fully ripe are deep purplish red, and much more palatable, each fruit being about 14 in. long, and shaped like a raspberry. The Loganberry flourishes in heavy loamy See also:

SOIL

soil, and is a useful plant for old fences or trellises, or even in See also:

WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste places, where it is fully exposed to the See also:

SUNSHINE

sunshine.

The old fruiting shoots should be cut away each See also:

winter, and in the spring the young shoots should have a foot or two taken off the ends, to induce the better and riper buds See also:

LOWER

lower down to throw masses of white See also:

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers, to be succeeded in due course by the fruits. See also:

PROPAGATION

Propagation is by means of suckers from the See also:

BASE

base.

End of Article: RASPBERRY

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