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See also:ROSCOE, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
WILLIAM (1753—1831) , See also:English historian and See also:miscellaneous writer, was See also:born on the 8th of See also:March 1753 at See also:Liverpool, where his See also:father, who was a See also:market gardener, kept a publichouse known as the See also:Bowling See also:Green at See also:Mount Pleasant. Roscoe was eager in the acquisition of knowledge, and at twelve he See also:left school, having learned all that his schoolmaster could See also:teach. He now assisted his father in the See also:work of the See also:garden, and gave his leisure See also:hours to See also:reading and study. " This mode of See also:life," he says, " gave See also:health and vigour to my See also:body, and amusement and instruction to my mind; and to this See also:day I well remember the delicious See also:sleep which succeeded my labours, from which I was again called at an See also:early See also:hour. If I were now asked whom I consider to be the happiest of the human See also:race, I should See also:answer, those who cultivate the See also:earth by their own hands." At fifteen it was necessary to decide upon a path in life. A See also:month's trial of See also:bookselling sufficed to disgust him, and in 1769 he was articled to a See also:solicitor. Although a diligent student of See also:law, he did not bid farewell to the See also:Muses, but continued to read the See also:classics, and made that acquaintance with the See also:language and literature of See also:Italy which became the See also:instrument of his distinction in after life. He wrote many verses: his Mount Pleasant was composed when he was sixteen, and this and other verses, though now forgotten, won the esteem of See also:good critics. In 1774 he commenced business as an See also:attorney, and as soon as his professional gains warranted he married (1781) Jane, second daughter of William Griffies, a Liverpool tradesman, and had seven sons and three daughters. He had the courage to denounce the See also:African slave See also:trade in his native See also:town, where not a little of the See also:wealth came from this source. He wrote the Wrongs of See also:Africa (1787—1788), and entered into a controversy with an ex-See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:priest, who undertook to prove the " licitness of the slave trade " from the See also:Bible. Roscoe was also a See also:political pamphleteer, and like many other Liberals of the day hailed the promise of See also:liberty in the See also:French Revolution.
Meanwhile he had steadily pursued his See also:Italian studies, and had made extensive collections See also:relating to the See also:great ruler of See also:Florence. The result was his Life of Lorenzo de' See also:Medici, which appeared in 1996, and at once placed him in the front See also:rank of contemporary historians. The work has often been reprinted, and See also:translations in French, See also:German and other See also:languages show that its popularity was not confined to its author's native See also:land. Perhaps the most gratifying testimony was that of Fabroni,who had intended to translate his own Latin life of Lorenzo, but abandoned the See also:design and induced Gaetano Mecherini to undertake an Italian version of Roscoe. In 1796 Roscoe gave up practice as an attorney, and had some thought of going to the See also:bar, but relinquished the See also:idea after keeping a single See also:term. Between 1793 and 1800 he paid much See also:attention to See also:agriculture, and helped to reclaim Chat See also:Moss, near See also:Manchester. He also succeeded in restoring to good See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order the affairs of a banking See also:house in which his friend William See also:Clark, then See also:resident in Italy, was a partner. This task led to his introduction to the business, which eventually proved disastrous. His See also:translation of Tansillo's See also:Nurse appeared in 1798, and went through several See also:editions. It is dedicated in a See also:sonnet to his wife, who had practised the precepts of the Italian poet.
The Life and Pontificate of See also:Leo the Tenth appeared in 18o5, and was a natural sequel to that by which he had made his reputation. The work, whilst it maintained its author's fame, did not, on the whole, meet with so favourable a reception as the Life of Lorenzo. It has been frequently reprinted, and the insertion of the Italian translation in the See also:Index did not prevent its circulation even in the papal states. Roscoe was elected member of See also:parliament for Liverpool in 18o6, but the House of See also:Commons was not a congenial See also:place, and at the See also:dissolution in the following See also:year he declined to be again a See also:candidate. The commercial troubles of 1816 brought into difficulties the banking house with which he was connected, and forced the See also:sale of his collection of books and pictures. It was on this occasion that he wrote the See also:fine " Sonnet on Parting with his Books." Dr S. H. Spiker, the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Prussia's librarian, gives an interesting See also:account of a visit to Roscoe at this See also:period of trouble. Roscoe said he still desired to write a See also:biography of See also:Erasmus but " wanted both leisure and youth." This project was not executed (Spiker's Travels through See also:England, &c., 18'6). After a five years' struggle to See also:discharge the liabilities of the See also:bank, the See also:action of a small number of creditors forced the partners into See also:bankruptcy in 182o. For a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time Roscoe was in danger of See also:arrest, but ultimately he received See also:honourable discharge. On the dispersal of his library, the volumes most useful to him were secured by See also:friends and placed in the Liverpool See also:Athenaeum. The sum of £2500 was also invested for his benefit. The See also:independent and sensitive nature of Roscoe made both these operations difficult. Having now resigned commercial pursuits entirely, he found a pleasant task in the arrangement of the great library at Holkham, the See also:property of his friend See also:Coke. In 1822 he issued an appendix of illustrations to his Lorenzo and also a Memoir of See also:Richard See also:Robert See also:- JONES
- JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
- JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
- JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
- JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
- JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
- JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
- JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
- JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
- JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
- JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
- JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
- JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
- JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
- JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
- JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)
Jones of Aberdaron, a remarkable self-taught linguist. The year 1824 was memorable for the See also:death of his wife and the publication of his edition of the See also:works of See also:Pope, which involved him in a controversy with See also:Bowles. His versatility was shown by the See also:appearance of a See also:folio monograph on-the Monandrian See also:Plants, which was published in 1828. It appeared first in See also:numbers, and the last See also:part came out after his recovery from a paralytic attack. He died on the 3oth of See also:June 1831.
Roscoe's See also:character was a fine one. Under circumstances uncongenial and discouraging he steadfastly maintained the ideal of the intellectual life. Sensitive and conscientious, he sacrificed his possessions to a punctilious sense of See also:duty. He had the courage of unpopular opinions, and, whilst promoting every good See also:object in his native town, did not hesitate to speak out where See also:plain dealing, as in the See also:matter of See also:slavery, was required. He was a sincere friend and exemplary in his domestic relations. Posterity is not likely to endorse the See also:verdict of See also:Horace See also:Walpole, who thought Roscoe " by far the best of our historians," but in spite of newer See also:lights and of some changes of See also:fashion in the See also:world of letters, his books on Lorenzo de' Medici and Leo X. remain important contributions to See also:historical literature.
In addition to the writings already named, Roscoe wrote tracts on penal See also:jurisprudence, and contributed to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature and of the Linrtean Society. The first collected edition of his Poetical Works was published in 1857, and
is sadly incomplete, omitting, with other verses known to be from his See also:pen, the Butterfly's See also:Ball, a fantasy, which has charmed thousands of See also:children since it appeared in 1807. Other verses are in Poems for Youth, by a See also:Family Circle (182o).
The Life by his son See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry Roscoe (2 vols., See also:London, 1833) contains full details of Roscoe's career, and there are references to him in the Autobiographical Sketches of De Quincey, and in See also:Washington See also:Irving's See also:Sketch See also:Book. (W. E. A.
End of Article: ROSCOE, WILLIAM (1753—1831)
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