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VERS DE SOCIETE'
of Deputies met from 1876 till 1879, and where the See also:Congress has Apart from the See also:palace, there are no buildings of See also:interest in
since sat to revise the constitution voted at See also:Versailles in 1875 and Versailles; the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of Notre See also:Dame, built by Mansart, the to elect the See also:president of the See also:republic. The first See also:floor is almost
entirely occupied by the See also:Battle See also:Gallery (394 ft. See also:long and 43 wide), opened in 1836 on the site of rooms used by See also:Monsieur the See also:brother of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. and the See also:duke and duchess of See also:Chartres. It is lighted from above, and the walls are hung with pictures of See also:French victories. In the window openings are the names of soldiers killed while fighting for See also:France, with the names of the battles in which they See also:fell, and there are more than eighty busts of princes, admirals, constables, marshals and celebrated warriors who met a similar See also:death. An-other See also:room is given up to the events of 183o and the See also:accession of Louis Philippe, and a gallery contains the statues and busts of See also:kings and celebrities.
The gardens of Versailles were planned by See also:Andre Le Notre. The ground falls away on every See also:side from a See also:terrace adorned with ornamental basins, statues and See also:bronze See also:groups. Westwards from the palace extends a broad See also:avenue, planted with large trees, and having along its centre the grass of the " Tapis Vert "; it is continued by the See also:Grand See also:Canal, 200 ft. wide and 1 m. long. On the See also:south of the terrace two splendid staircases See also:lead past the Orangery to the Swiss See also:Lake, beyond which is the See also:wood of Satory. On the See also:north an avenue, with twenty-two groups of three See also:children, each See also:group holding a See also:marble See also:basin from which a See also:jet of See also:water rises, slopes gently down to the Basin of See also:Neptune, remarkable for its See also:fine sculptures and abundant water. The Orangery (built in 1685 by Mansart) is the finest piece of See also:architecture at Versailles; the central gallery is 5o8 ft. long and 42 wide, and each of the side galleries is 375 ft. long. There are 1200 See also:orange trees, one of which is said to date from 1421, and 300 other kinds of trees.
The alleys of the parks are ornamented with statues, vases and regularly cut yews, and bordered by hedges surrounding the shrubberies. Between the central terrace and the Tapis Vert is the Basin of See also:Latona or the Frogs, with a See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white marble group of Latona with See also:Apollo and See also:Diana. Beyond the Tapis Vert is the large Basin of Apollo, who is represented in his See also:chariot See also:drawn by four horses; there are three jets of water, one 6o, the others 5o ft. in height. The Grand Canal is still used for nautical displays; under Louis XIV. it was covered with Venetian gondolas and other boats, and the evening entertainments usually ended with a display of See also:fireworks. Around the Tapis Vert are numerous groves, the most remarkable being the Ballroom or Rockery, with a See also:waterfall ; the See also:Queen's Shrubbery, the See also:scene of the intrigue of the See also:diamond necklace; that of the See also:Colonnade, with See also:thirty-two marble columns and a group of See also:Pluto carrying off Prosperine, by See also:Francois See also:Girardon; the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King's Shrubbery, laid out in the See also:English See also:style by Louis Philippe; the beautiful See also:Grove of Apollo, with a group of that See also:god and the See also:nymphs, by Girardon; and the Basin of Enceladus, with a jet of water 75 ft. high.
Among the See also:chief attractions of Versailles are the fountains and waterworks made by Louis XIV. in See also:imitation of those he had seen at See also:Fouquet's See also:chateau of See also:Vaux. Owing to the scarcity of water at Versailles, the See also:works at Marly-le-Roi were constructed in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to bring water from the See also:Seine; but See also:part of the See also:supply thus obtained was diverted to the newly erected chateau of Marly. Vast sums of See also:money were spent and many lives lost in an See also:attempt to bring water from the See also:Eure, but the See also:work was stopped by the See also:war of 1688. At last the See also:waters of the See also:plateau between Versailles and See also:Rambouillet were collected and led by channels (See also:total length 98 m.) to the gardens, the See also:soil of which covers innumerable pipes, vaults and aqueducts.
Beyond the See also:present See also:park, but within that of Louis XIV., are the two Trianons. The Grand Trianon was originally erected as a See also:retreat for Louis XIV. in 167o, but in 1687 Mansart built a new palace on its site. Louis XV., after establishing a botanic See also:garden, made See also:Gabriel build in 1766 the small See also:pavilion of the See also:Petit Trianon, where the machinery is still shown by which his supper-table came up through the floor. It was a favourite See also:residence of See also:Marie Antoinette, who had a garden laid out in the English style, with rustic villas in which the ladies of the See also:court led a mimic See also:peasant-See also:life. The Grand Trianon is a one-storeyed See also:building with two wings, and has been occupied by Monsieur (Louis XIV.'s brother), by the See also:Great Dauphin, See also:Napoleon I., and Louis Philippe and his court. The gardens of the Grand Trianon are in the same style as those of Versailles, and there is a museum with a curious collection of See also:state carriages, old See also:harness, &c.
See also:cathedral of St Louis, built by his See also:grandson, the See also:Protestant church and the English See also:chapel being in no way remarkable. The celebrated See also:tennis-court (Jeu de Paume) is now used as a museum. The large and sumptuous palace of the prefecture was built during the second See also:empire, and was a residence of the president of the republic from 1871 to 1879. The library consists of 60,000 volumes; and the military See also:hospital formerly accommodated 2000 See also:people in the service of the palace. There are statues of See also:General See also:Hoche and of See also:Abbe de 1'See also:Epee in the See also:town. A school of See also:horticulture was founded in 1874, attached to an excellent garden, near the Swiss Lake.
Versailles is the seat of a bishopric, a See also:prefect and a court of assizes, and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:commerce, a See also:board of See also:trade-arbitrators, a chamber of commerce and a See also:branch of the See also:Bank of France, and, among its educational establishments, lycees and training colleges for both sexes and a technical school. It is an important See also:garrison town and has a school of military See also:engineering and See also:artillery. Distilling, See also:boot and See also:shoe making, and See also:market-gardening employ many of the people, but the town has no specially characteristic See also:industry. The links of the See also:Paris See also:Golf See also:Club are at La Boulie near Versailles.
Louis XIII. often hunted in the See also:woods of Versailles, and built a small pavilion at the corner of what is now the See also:rue de la Pompe and the avenue of St See also:Cloud. In 1627 he entrusted Jacques See also:Lemercier with the See also:plan of a chateau. In 1661 Louis Levan made some additions which were further See also:developed by him in 1668. In 1678 Mansart took over the work, the Galerie See also:des Glaces, the chapel and the two wings being due to him. In 1682 Louis XIV. took up his residence in the chateau. It is estimated that 20 million pounds were spent on the palace, gardens and works of See also:art, the accounts for which were destroyed by the king. Till his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time the town was represented by a few houses to the south of the present See also:Place d'Armes; but See also:land was given to the lords of the court and new houses sprang up, chiefly in the north See also:quarter. Under Louis XV. the See also:parish of St Louis was formed to the south for the increasing See also:population, and new streets were built to the north on the meadows of Clagny, where in 1674 Mansart had built at Louis XIV.'s orders a chateau for Madame de See also:Montespan, which was now pulled down. Under Louis XVI. the town extended to the See also:east and received a See also:municipality; in 1802 it gave its name to a bishopric. In 1783 the See also:armistice preliminary to the treaty of See also:peace between Great See also:Britain and the See also:United States was signed at Versailles. The states-general met here on the 5th of May 1789, and on the loth of See also:June took the See also:solemn See also:oath in the Tennis Court by which they See also:bound themselves not to See also:separate till they had given France a constitution. 'Napoleon neglected, and Louis XVIII. and See also:Charles X. merely kept up, Versailles, but Louis Philippe restored its See also:ancient splendour at the cost of
1,000,000. In 187o and 1871 the town was the headquarters of the See also:German See also:army besieging Paris. After the peace Versailles was the seat of the French See also:National See also:Assembly while the See also:commune was triumphant in Paris, and of the two See also:chambers till 1879, being declared the See also:official See also:capital of France.
See A. P. Gille, Versailles et See also:les deux Trianons, with illustrations by M. See also:Lambert (See also:Tours, 1899, 1900) ; P. de Nolhac, La Creation de Versailles (Versailles, 1901) ; J. E. See also:Farmer, Versailles and the Court under Louis XIV. (New See also:York, 1905).
End of Article: VERS DE
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