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YORCK VON WARTENBURG, HANS See also:DAVID See also:LUDWIG, See also:COUNT (1739–1830) , Prussian See also:general See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field-See also:marshal, was of See also:English ancestry. He entered the Prussian See also:army in 1772, but after seven years' service was cashiered for disobedience. Entering the Dutch service three years later he took See also:part in the operations of 1783–84 in the See also:East Indies' as See also:captain. Returning to See also:Prussia in 1785 he was, on the See also:death of See also:Frederick the See also:Great, reinstated in his old service, and in 1794 took part in the operations in See also:Poland, distinguishing himself especially at Szekoczyn. Five years afterwards Yorck began to make a name for himself as See also:commander of a See also:light See also:infantry See also:regiment, being one of the first to give prominence to the training of skirmishers. In 1805 he was appointed to the command of an infantry See also:brigade, and in the disastrous See also:Jena See also:campaign he played a conspicuous and successful part as a rearguard commander, especially at Altenzaun. He was taken prisoner, severely wounded, in the last stand of See also:Blucher's See also:corps at See also:Lubeck. In the reorganization of the Prussian army which followed the See also:peace of See also:Tilsit, Yorck was one of the leading figures. At first See also:major-general commanding the See also:West Prussian brigade, afterwards inspector-general of light infantry, he was finally appointed second in command to General Grawert, the See also:leader of the See also:auxiliary corps which Prussia was compelled to send to the See also:Russian See also:War of 1812. The two generals did not agree, Grawert being an See also:omen See also:partisan of the See also:French See also:alliance, and Yorck an ardent patriot; but before See also:long Grawert retired, and Yorck assumed the command. Opposed in his advance on See also:Riga by the Russian General Steingell, he displayed great skill in a See also:series of combats which ended in the retirement of the enemy to Riga. Throughout the campaign he had been the See also:object of many overtures from the enemy's generals, and though he had hitherto rejected them, it was soon See also:borne in upon him that the See also:Grand Army was doomed. Marshal See also:Macdonald, his immediate French See also:superior, retreated before the corps of See also:Diebitsch, and Yorck found himself isolated. As a soldier his See also:duty was to break through, but as a Prussian patriot his position was more difficult. He had to See also:judge whether the moment was favourable for the war of liberation; and, whatever might be the See also:enthusiasm of his junior See also:staff-See also:officers, Yorck had no illusions as to the safety of his own See also:head. On See also:December 3oth the general made up his mind. The See also:Convention of Tauroggen " neutralized " the Prussian corps. The See also:news was received with the wildest enthusiasm, but the Prussian See also:Court dared not yet throw off the See also:mask, and an See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order was despatched suspending Yorck from his command pending a court-See also:martial. Diebitsch refused to let the See also:bearer pass through his lines, and the general was finally absolved when the treaty of See also:Kalisch definitely ranged Prussia on the See also:side of the See also:Allies. Yorck's See also:act was nothing less than the turning-point of Prussian See also:history. His veterans formed the See also:nucleus of the forces of East Prussia, and Yorck himself in public took the final step by declaring war as the commander of those forces. On See also:March 17th, 1813, he made his entry into See also:Berlin in the midst of the wildest exuberance of patriotic joy. On the same See also:day the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king declared war. During 1813–14 Yorck led his veterans with conspicuous success. He covered Blucher's See also:retreat after See also:Bautzen and took a decisive part in the battles on the Katzlach. In the advance on See also:Leipzig his corps won the See also:action of Wartenburg (See also:October 4) and took part in the crowning victory of October 18th. In the campaign in See also:France Yorck See also:drew off the shattered remnants of Sacken's corps at Montmirail, and decided the day at See also:Laon. The See also:storm of See also:Paris was his last fight. In the campaign of 1815 none of the older men were employed in Blucher's army, in order that See also:Gneisenau (the ablest of the Prussian generals) might be See also:free to assume command in See also:case of the old See also:prince's death. Yorck was appointed to a reserve corps in Prussia, and, feeling that his services were no longer required, he retired from the army. His See also:master would not accept his resignation for a considerable See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, and in 1821 made him general field-marshal. He had been made Count Yorck von Wartenburg in 1814. The See also:remainder of his See also:life was spent on his See also:estate of See also:Klein-01s, the See also:gift of the king. He died there on the 4th of
October 1830. A statue (by See also:Rauch) was erected to him in Berlin in 855•
See Seydlitz, Tagebuch See also:des Preussischen Armee Korps 1812 (Berlin, 1823); See also:Droysen, Leben des G. F. M. Grafen Yorck von Wartenburg (Berlin, 1851).
End of Article: YORCK VON WARTENBURG, HANS DAVID LUDWIG, COUNT (1739–1830)
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