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See also:AGUESSEAU, See also:HENRI See also:FRANCOIS D' (1668-1751), See also:chancellor of See also:France, illustrious for his virtues, learning and talents, was See also:born at See also:Limoges, of a See also:family of the magistrature. His See also:father, Henri d' Aguesseau, a hereditary councillor of the See also:parlement of See also:Metz, was a See also:man of singular ability and breadth of view who, after holding successively the posts of See also:intendant of See also:Limousin, Guyenne and See also:Languedoc, was in 1685 called to See also:Paris as councillor of See also:state, appointed director-See also:general of See also:commerce and
manufactures in 1695, See also:president of the See also:council of commerce in 1700 and a member of the council of the regency for See also:finance. By him Francois d'Aguesseau was See also:early initiated into affairs and brought up in religious principles deeply tinged with See also:Jansenism. He studied See also:law under See also:Jean See also:Domat, whose See also:influence is apparent in both the legal writings and legislative See also:work of the chancellor. When little more than twenty-one years of See also:age he was, through his father's influence with the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, appointed one of the three See also:advocates-general to the parlement of Paris; and the eloquence and learning which he displayed in his first speech gained him a very high reputation. D'Aguesseau was in fact the first See also:great See also:master of forensic eloquence in France.
In 1700 he was appointed See also:procurator-general; and in this See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office, which he filled for seventeen years, he gained the greatest popularity by his See also:defence of the rights of the Gallican See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church in the Quietist troubles and in those connected with the See also:bull Unigenitus (see JANSENISM). In See also:February 1717 he was made chancellor by the See also:regent See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans; but was deprived of the See also:seals in See also:January of the following See also:year and exiled to his See also:estate of Fresnes in See also:Brie, on See also:account of his steady opposition to the projects of the famous See also:John Law, which had been adopted by the regent and his ministers. In See also:June 1720 he was recalled to satisfy public See also:opinion; and he contributed not' a little by the firmness and sagacity of his counsels to See also:calm the public disturbance and repair the See also:mischief which had been done. Law himself had acted as the messenger of his recall; and it is said that d'Aguesseau's consent to accept the seals from his See also:hand greatly diminished his popularity. The parlement continuing its opposition to the registering of the bull Unigenitus, d'Aguesseau, fearing a See also:schism and a religious See also:war in 'France, assisted See also:Guillaume See also:Dubois, the favourite of the regent, in his endeavour to force the parlement to See also:register the bull, acquiesced in the See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile of the magistrates and allowed the Great Council to assume the See also:power of See also:registration, which legally belonged to the parlement alone. The See also:people unjustly attributed his conduct to a See also:base compliance with the favourite. He certainly opposed Dubois in other matters; and when Dubois became See also:chief See also:minister d'Aguesseau was deprived of his office (See also:March 1, 1722).
He retired to his estate, where he passed five years of which he always spoke with delight. The Scriptures, which he read and compared in various See also:languages, and the See also:jurisprudence of his own and other countries, formed the subjects of his more serious studies; the See also:rest of his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time was devoted to See also:philosophy, literature and gardening. From these occupations he was recalled to See also:court by the See also:advice of See also:Cardinal See also:Fleury in 1727, and on the 15th of See also:August was named chancellor for the third time, but the seals were not restored to him till ten years later. During these years he endeavoured to mediate in the disputes between the court and the parlement. When he was at last reinstated in office, he completely withdrew from all See also:political affairs, and devoted himself entirely to his duties as chancellor and to the achievement of those reforms which had See also:long occupied his thoughts. He aimed, as others had tried before him, to draw up in a single See also:code all the See also:laws of France, but was unable to accomplish his task. Besides some important enactments regarding donations, testaments and successions, he introduced various regulations for improving the forms of See also:procedure, for ascertaining the limits of jurisdictions and for effecting a greater uniformity in the See also:execution of the laws throughout the several provinces. These reforms constitute an See also:epoch in the See also:history of See also:French jurisprudence, and have placed the name of d'Aguesseau in the same See also:rank with those of L'H6pital and See also:Lamoignon. As a See also:magistrate also he was so conscientious that the duc de See also:Saint-See also:Simon in his See also:Memoirs complained that he spent too much time over the cases that came before him.
In 1750, when upwards of eighty-two years of age, d'Aguesseau retired from the duties without giving up the rank of chancellor. He died on the 9th of February of the following year.
His See also:grandson, HENRI CARDIN JEAN See also:BAPTISTE, See also:MARQUIS D'AGUESSEAU (1746–1826), was See also:advocate-general in the parlement of Paris and See also:deputy in the Estates-General. Under the Consulate he became president of the court of See also:appeal and laterminister at See also:Copenhagen. He was elected to the French See also:Academy in 1787.
Of d'Aguesseau's See also:works the most See also:complete edition is that of the eminent lawyer Jean See also:Marie See also:Pardessus, published in 16 vols. (1818-182o) ; his letters were edited separately by See also:Rives (1823) ; a selection of his works, tEuvres choisies, was issued, with a See also:biographical See also:notice, by E. Falconnet in 2 vols. (Paris, 1865). The far greater See also:part of his works relate to matters connected with his profession, but they also contain an elaborate See also:treatise on See also:money ; several theological essays; a See also:life of his father, which is interesting from the account which it gives of his own early See also:education; and Metaphysical Meditations, written to prove that, independently of all See also:revelation and all See also:positive law, there is that in the constitution of the human mind which renders man a law to himself.
See Boullee, Histoire de la See also:vie et See also:des ouvrages du chancelier d'Aguesseau (Paris, 1835) ; Fr. See also:Monnier, Le Chancelier d'Aguesseau (Paris, 186o; 2nd ed., 1863) ; See also:Charles See also:- BUTLER
- BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
- BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
- BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
- BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
- BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
- BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
- BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
- BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
- BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
- BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
- BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
- BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)
Butler, Mem. of Life of H. F. d'Aguesseau, &c. (183o).
End of Article: AGUESSEAU, HENRI FRANCOIS
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