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CAGLI

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 946 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CAGLI , a See also:

town and (with See also:Pergola) an episcopal see of the See also:Marches, See also:Italy, in the See also:province of See also:Pesaro and See also:Urbino, 18 m. S. of the latter town by See also:rail, and 830 ft. above See also:sea-level. Pop. (rg01) of town, 4628; See also:commune, 12,533. The See also:church of S. Domenico contains a See also:good See also:fresco (Madonna and See also:saints) by Giovanni Santi, the See also:father of See also:Raphael. The citadel of the 15th See also:century, constructed by See also:Francesco di Giorgio See also:Martini of See also:Siena, is on the S.E. of the See also:modern town. Cagli occupies the site of an See also:ancient vicus (See also:village) on the Via See also:Flaminia, which seems to have See also:borne the name Cale, 24 M. N. of Helvillum (mod. Sigillo) and i8 m. S.W. of See also:Forum Sempronii (mod. See also:Fossombrone).

Below the town to the See also:

north is a single arched See also:bridge of the road, the See also:arch having the span of 384 ft. (See G. Mochi, Storia di Cagli, Cagli, 1878.) About 5 M. to the N.N.W. of Cagli and 22 m. W. of the Via Flaminia at the mod. Acqualagna is the site of an ancient town; the See also:place is now called piano di See also:Valeria, and is scattered with ruins. See also:Inscriptions show that this was a See also:Roman See also:municipium, perhaps Pitinum Mergens (Corp. Inscr. See also:Lat. xi. [See also:Berlin, 1901] p. 876). Three See also:miles north of Acqualagna the Via Flaminia, which is still in use as the modern high-road, traverses the Furlo Pass, a See also:tunnel about 40 yds. See also:long, excavated by See also:Vespasian in A.U. 77, as an inscription at the north end records.

There is another tunnel at See also:

lower level, which belongs to an earlier date; this seems to have been in use till the construction of the Roman road, which at first ran See also:round the See also:rock on the out-See also:side, until Vespasian cut the tunnel. In repairing the modern road just outside the See also:south entrance to the tunnel, a stratum of carbonized See also:corn, beans, &c., and a quantity of burnt See also:wood, stones, tiles, pottery, &c., was found under and above the modern road, for a distance of some 500 yds. This debris must have belonged to the See also:castle of See also:Petra Pertusa, burned by the See also:Lombards in 570 or 571 on their way to See also:Rome. The castle itself is mentioned by See also:Procopius (See also:Bell. Goth. iii. 6, iv. 28, 34). Here also was found the inscription of A.U. 295, See also:relating to the See also:measures taken to suppress See also:brigandage in these parts. (See See also:APENNINES.) See A. Vernarecci in Notizie degli Scavi, 1886, 411 (cf. ibid. 227) ; Corp.

Incr. Lat. (Berlin, 1901), Nos. 6106, 6107. (T. As.) CAGLIARI (anc. Chaales), the See also:

capital of the See also:island of See also:Sardinia, an archiepiscopal see, and the See also:chief town of the province of Cagliari, which embraces the See also:southern See also:half of the island. It is 270 M. W.S.W. of See also:Naples, and 375 M. south of See also:Genoa by sea. Pop. (1900) of town, 48,098; of commune, 53,057. It is finely situated at the See also:northern extremity of the Gulf of Cagliari, in the centre of the south See also:coast of the island.

The See also:

medieval town occupies a long narrow See also:hill See also:running N. and S. with precipitous cliffs on the E. and W. which must have been the ancient See also:acropolis, but the modern town, like the Roman town before it, extends to the slopes of the hill and to the See also:low ground by the sea. On each side of the town are lagoons. That of S. Gilla on the W., which produces See also:fish in abundance, was originally an open See also:bay. That of Molentargius on the E. has large saltpans. The upper town still retains in See also:part its fortifications, including the two See also:great towers at the two extremities, called the Torre dell' Elefante (S.) and the Torre di S. Pancrazio (N.), both erected by the Pisans, the former in 1307, the latter in 1305. The Torre di S. Pancrazio at the highest point (367 ft. above sea-level) commands a magnificent view. See also:Close to it is the archaeological museum, the most important in the island. To the north of it are the modern citadel and the See also:barracks, and beyond, a public See also:promenade. The narrow streets run from north to south for the whole length of the upper town.

On the edge of the cliffs on the E. is the See also:

cathedral, built in 1257–1312 by the Pisans, and retaining two of the See also:original See also:transept doors. The See also:pulpit of the same See also:period is also See also:fine: it now stands, divided into two, on each side of the entrance, while the lions which supported it are on the See also:balustrade in front of the cathedral (see E. Brunelli in L'Arle, Rome, 1901, 59; D. Scano, ibid. 204). Near the See also:sacristy are also some See also:Gothic chapels of the Aragonese period. The church was, however, remodelled in 1676, and the interior is See also:baroque. Two fine See also:silver candelabra, the See also:tabernacle and the See also:altar front are of the 17th century; and the See also:treasury also contains some good silver See also:work. (See D. Scano in Balletino d'Arte, See also:February 1907, p. 14; and E. Brunelli in L'Arte, 1907, p.

47.) The See also:

crypt contains three ancient sarcophagi. The See also:facade, in the baroque See also:style, was added in 1703. The university, a little farther north, the buildings of which were erected in 1764, has some 240 students. At the south extremity of the hill, on the site of the See also:bastian of south Caterina, a large See also:terrace, the Passeggiata Umberto Primo, has been constructed: it is much in use on summer evenings, and has a splendid view. Below it are covered promenades, and from it steps descend to the lower town, the See also:oldest part of which (the so-called Marina), sloping gradually towards the sea, is probably the See also:nucleus of the Roman municipium, while the See also:quarter of Stampace lies to the See also:west, and beyond it again the suburb of Sant' Avendrace. The northern portion of this, below the castle hill, is the older, while the part near the See also:shore consists mainly of modern buildings of no great See also:interest. To the See also:east of the castle hill and the Marina is the quarter of See also:Villanova, which contains the church of S. Saturnino, a domed church of the 8th century with a See also:choir of the See also:Pisan period. The See also:harbour of Cagliari (along the north side of which runs a promenade called the Via Romo) is a good one, and has a considerable See also:trade, exporting chiefly See also:lead, See also:zinc and other minerals and See also:salt, the See also:total See also:annual value of exports amounting to nearly 12 million See also:sterling in value. The Campidano of Cagliari, the See also:plain which begins at the north end of the See also:lagoon of S. Gilla, is very fertile and much cultivated, as is also the See also:district to the east round See also:Quarto S. Elena, a village with 8459 inhabitants (1901).

The See also:

national costumes are rarely now seen in the neighbourhood of Cagliari, except at certain festivals, especially that of S. Efisio (May 1-4) at Pula (see See also:NoRA). The methods of cultivation are See also:primitive: the curious See also:water-wheels, made of brushwood with pots tied on to them, and turned by a blindfolded donkey, may be noted. The ox-carts are often made with solid wheels, for greater strength. Prickly See also:pear (See also:opuntia) hedges are as frequent as in See also:Sicily. Cagliari is considerably exposed to winds in See also:winter, while in summer it is almost See also:African in See also:climate. The See also:aqueduct was constructed in quite See also:recent times, See also:rain-water having previously given the only See also:supply. The See also:main See also:line of railway runs north to Decimomannu (for See also:Iglesias), See also:Oristano, See also:Macomer and Chilivani (for Golfo degli Aranci and See also:Sassari); while another line (narrow-See also:gauge) runs to Mandas (for Sorgono and See also:Tortoli). There is also a See also:tramway to Quarto S. Elena. In A.D. 485 the whole of Sardinia was taken by the See also:Vandals from See also:Africa; but in 533 it was retaken by Justinian.

In 687 Cagliari See also:

rose against the East Roman emperors, under Gialetus, one of the citizens, who made himself See also:king of the whole island,his three See also:brothers becoming See also:governors of Torres (in the N.W.), Arborea (in the S.W.) and Gallura (in the N.E. of the island). The See also:Saracens devastated it in the 8th century, but were driven out, and the island returned to the See also:rule of See also:kings, until they See also:fell in the loth century, their place being taken by four "See also:judges" of the four provinces, Cagliari, Torres, Arborea and Gallura. In the 12th century Musatto, a Saracen, established himself in Cagliari, but was driven out with the help of the Pisans and Genoese. The Pisans soon acquired the See also:sovereignty over the whole island with the exception of Arborea, which continued to be See also:independent. In 1297 See also:Boniface VIII. invested the kings of See also:Aragon with Sardinia, and in 1326 they finally drove the Pisans out of Cagliari, and made it the seat of their See also:government. In 1348 the island was devastated by the See also:plague described by See also:Boccaccio. It was not until 1403 that the kings of Aragon were able to conquer the district of Arborea, which, under the celebrated Eleonora (whose See also:code of laws—the so-called Carta de Loguwas famous), offered a heroic resistance. In 1479 the native princes were deprived of all See also:independence. The island remained in the hands of See also:Spain until the See also:peace of See also:Utrecht (1714), by which it was assigned to See also:Austria. In 1720 it was ceded by the latter, in See also:exchange for Sicily, to the See also:duke of See also:Savoy, who assumed the See also:title of king of Sardinia (Cagliari continuing to be the seat of government), and this remained the title of the See also:house of Savoy until 1861. Cagliari was bombarded by the See also:French See also:fleet in 1793, but See also:Napoleon's See also:attempt to take the island failed. (T.

End of Article: CAGLI

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