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CUSHING, CALEB (1800-1879)

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 667 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CUSHING, See also:CALEB (1800-1879) , See also:American See also:political See also:leader and lawyer, was See also:born in See also:Salisbury, See also:Massachusetts, on the 17th of See also:January 1800. He graduated at Harvard in 1817, was See also:tutor in See also:mathematics there in 1820—1821, was admitted to practice in the See also:court of See also:common pleas in See also:December 1821, and began the practice of See also:law in See also:Newburyport, See also:Mass., in 1824. After serving, as a Democratic-Republican, in the See also:state See also:house of representatives in 1825, in the state See also:senate in 1826, and in the house again in 1828, he spent two years, from 1829 to 1831, in See also:Europe, again served in the state house of representatives in 1833 and 1834, and in the latter See also:year was elected by the Whigs a representative in See also:Congress. He served in this See also:body from 1835 until 1843, and here the marked inconsistency which characterized his public See also:life became See also:manifest; for when See also:John See also:Tyler had become See also:president, had been " read out " of the Whig party, and had vetoed Whig See also:measures (including a See also:tariff See also:bill), for which Cushing had voted, Cushing first defended the vetoes and then voted again for the bills. In 1843 President Tyler nominated him for secretary of the See also:treasury, but the senate refused to confirm him for this See also:office. He was, however, appointed later in the same year See also:commissioner of the See also:United States to See also:China, holding this position until 1845, and in 1844 negotiating the first treaty between China and the United States. In 1847, while again a representative in the state legislature, he introduced a bill appropriating See also:money for the equipment of a See also:regiment to serve in the Mexican See also:War; although the bill was defeated, he raised the necessary funds privately, and served in See also:Mexico first as See also:colonel and afterwards as brigadier-See also:general of See also:volunteers. In 1847 and again in 1848 the Democrats nominated him for See also:governor of Massachusetts, but on each occasion he was defeated at the polls. He was again a representative in the state legislature in 1851, became an See also:associate See also:justice of the supreme court of Massachusetts in 1852, and during the See also:administration (1853—1857) of President See also:Pierce, was See also:attorney-general of the United States. In 1858, 1859, 1862 and 1863 he again served in the state house of representatives. In 186o he presided over the See also:National Democratic See also:Convention which met first at See also:Charleston and later at See also:Baltimore, until he joined those who seceded from the See also:regular convention; he then presided also over the convention of the seceding delegates, who nominated John C. See also:Breckinridge for the See also:presidency.

During the See also:

Civil War, however, he supported the National Administration. At the See also:Geneva See also:conference for the See also:settlement of the " See also:Alabama " claims in 1871—1872 he was one of the counsel for the United States. 1 For Seba, see See also:SABAEANS, and cf. generally the commentaries on Gen. x. 7. In Flab. iii. 7 Cushan (obviously a related See also:form) is parallel to See also:Midian. In 1873 President See also:Grant nominated him for See also:chief justice of the United States, but in spite of his See also:great learning and See also:eminence at the See also:bar, his ante-war See also:record and the feeling of distrust experienced by many members of the senate on See also:account of his inconsistency, aroused such vigorous opposition that his nomination was soon withdrawn. From 1874 to 1877 Cushing was United States See also:minister to See also:Spain. He died at Newburyport, Mass., on the 2nd of January 1879. He published See also:History and See also:Present State' of the See also:Town of Newburyport, Mass. (1826); See also:Review of the See also:late Revolution in See also:France (1833); Reminiscences of Spain (1833); Oration on the Growth and Territorial Progress of the United States (1839); Life and Public Services of See also:William H. See also:Harrison (184o); and The Treaty of See also:Washington (1873).

End of Article: CUSHING, CALEB (1800-1879)

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