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BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN CABELL (1821-1875)

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 483 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BRECKINRIDGE, See also:JOHN CABELL (1821-1875) , See also:American soldier and See also:political See also:leader, was See also:born near See also:Lexington, See also:Kentucky, on the 21st of See also:January 1821. He was a member of a See also:family prominent in the public See also:life of Kentucky and the nation. His grandfather, John Breckinridge (1760-1806), who revised See also:Jefferson's draft of the " Kentucky Resolutions " of 1798, was a See also:United States senator from Kentucky in 1801-1805 and See also:attorney-See also:general in See also:President Jefferson's See also:cabinet in 1805-1806. His uncles, John Breckinridge (1797-1841), See also:professor of See also:pastoral See also:theology in the See also:Princeton Theological See also:Seminary in 1836-1838 and for many years after secretary of the Presbyterian See also:Board of See also:Foreign See also:Missions, and See also:Robert Jefferson Breckinridge (1800-1871), for several years See also:superintendent of public instruction in Kentucky, an important See also:factor in the organization of the public school See also:system of the See also:state, a professor from 1853 to 1871 in the See also:Danville Presbyterian Theological Seminary at Danville, Kentucky, and the temporary chairman of the See also:national Republican See also:convention of 1864, were both prominent clergymen of the Presbyterian See also:Church. His See also:cousin, See also:William See also:Campbell See also:Preston Breckinridge (1837-1904), was a Democratic representative in See also:Congress from 1885 to 1893. Another cousin, See also:Joseph Cabell Breckinridge (1842- ), served on the See also:Union See also:side in the See also:Civil See also:War, was a See also:major-general of See also:volunteers during the See also:Spanish-American War (1898), became a major-general in the See also:regular United States See also:army in 1903, and was inspector-general of the United States army from 1899 until his retirement from active service in 1904. John Cabell Breckinridge graduated in 1838 at Centre See also:College, Danville, Kentucky, continued his studies at Princeton, and then studied See also:law at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky. He practised law in See also:Frankfort, Kentucky, in 184x-1841 and in See also:Burlington, See also:Iowa, from 1841 to 1843, and then returned to Kentucky and followed his profession at Lexington. In 1847 he went to See also:Mexico as major in a volunteer See also:regiment, but arrived too See also:late for service in the See also:field. In 1849 he was elected a Democratic member of the Kentucky legislature, and in 1851-1855 he served in the national See also:House of Representatives. President See also:Pierce offered him the position of See also:minister to See also:Spain, but he declined it. In 1856 he was chosen See also:vice-president of the United States on the See also:Buchanan See also:ticket, and although a strong See also:pro-See also:slavery and states rights See also:man, he presided over the See also:Senate with conspicuous fairness and impartiality during the trying years beforethe Civil War.

In 186o he was nominated for the See also:

presidency by the pro-slavery seceders from the Democratic national convention, and received a See also:total of 72 electoral votes, including those of every See also:Southern state except See also:Virginia, Kentucky, See also:Tennessee and See also:Missouri. As vice-president and presiding officer of the Senate, it was his See also:duty to make the See also:official announcement of the See also:election of his opponent, See also:Lincoln. He succeeded John J. See also:Crittenden as United States senator from Kentucky in See also:March 1861, but having subsequently entered the Confederate service he was expelled from the Senate in See also:December 1861. As brigadier-general he commanded the Confederate reserve at See also:Shiloh, and in See also:August 1862 he became major-general. On the 5th of this See also:month he was repulsed in his attack on See also:Baton See also:Rouge, but he won distinction at See also:Stone See also:River (December 31, 1862-January 2, 1863), where his See also:division lost nearly a third of its number. He took See also:part in the See also:battle of Chickamauga, defeated General See also:Franz See also:Sigel at See also:Newmarket, Virginia, on the 15th of May 1864, and then joined See also:Lee and took part in the battles of See also:Cold Harbor on the 1st and on the 3rd of See also:June. In the autumn he operated in the See also:Shenandoah Valley, and with See also:Early was defeated by See also:Sheridan at See also:Winchester on the 19th of See also:September. Being transferred to the See also:department of See also:South-See also:west Virginia, he fought a number of See also:minor engagements in eastern Tennessee, and in January 1865 became secretary of war for the Confederate States. At the See also:close of the war he escaped to See also:Cuba, and from there went to See also:Europe. In 1868 he returned to the United States and resumed the practice of law at Lexington, Kentucky, where he died on the 17th of May 1875.

End of Article: BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN CABELL (1821-1875)

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