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HOLT, SIR JOHN (1642–1710)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 619 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HOLT, See also:SIR See also:JOHN (1642–1710) , See also:lord See also:chief See also:justice of See also:England, was See also:born at Thame, See also:Oxfordshire, on the 3oth of See also:December 1642. His See also:father, Sir See also:Thomas Holt, possessed a small patrimonial See also:estate, but in See also:order to supplement his income had adopted the profession of See also:law, in which he was not very successful, although he became sergeant in 1677, and afterwards for his See also:political services to the " Tories " was rewarded with See also:knighthood. After attending for some years the See also:free school of the See also:town of See also:Abingdon, of which his father was See also:recorder, See also:young Holt in his sixteenth See also:year entered See also:Oriel See also:College, See also:Oxford. He is said to have spent a very dissipated youth, and even to have been in the See also:habit of taking purses on the See also:highway, but after entering See also:Gray's See also:Inn about 166o he applied himself with exemplary See also:diligence to the study of law. He was called to the See also:bar in 1663. An ardent supporter of See also:civil and religious See also:liberty, he distinguished himself in the See also:state trials which were then so See also:common by the able and courageous manner in which he supported the pleas of the defendants. In 1685–1686 he was appointed recorder of See also:London, and about the same See also:time he was made See also:king's sergeant and received the See also:honour of See also:knight-See also:hood. His giving a decision adverse to the pretensions of the king to exercise See also:martial law in time of See also:peace led to his dismissal from the See also:office of recorder, but he was continued in the office of king's sergeant in order to prevent him from becoming counsel for accused persons. Having been one of the See also:judges who acted as assessors to the peers in the See also:Convention See also:parliament, he took a leading See also:part in arranging the constitutional See also:change by which See also:William III. was called to the See also:throne, and after his See also:accession he was appointed lord chief justice of the King's See also:Bench. His merits as a See also:judge are the more apparent and the more remarkablewhen contrasted with the qualities displayed by his predecessors in office. In judicial fairness, legal knowledge and ability, clearness of statement and unbending integrity he has had few if any superiors on the See also:English bench. Over the civil rights of his countrymen he exercised a jealous watchfulness, more especially when presiding at the trial of state prosecutions, and he was especially careful that all accused persons should be treated with fairness and respect.

He is, however, best known for the firmness with which he upheld his own prerogatives in opposition to the authority of the Houses of Parliament. On several occasions his See also:

physical as well as his moral courage was tried by extreme tests. Having been requested to See also:supply a number of See also:police to help the soldiery in quelling a See also:riot, he assured the messenger that if any of the See also:people were shot he would have the soldiers hanged, and proceeding himself to the See also:scene of riot he was successful in preventing bloodshed. While steadfast in his sympathies with the Whig party, Holt maintained on the bench entire political impartiality, and always held himself aloof from political intrigue. On the retirement of See also:Somers from the chancellorship in 1700 he was offered the See also:great See also:seal, but declined it. His See also:death took See also:place in London on the 5th of See also:March 1710. He was buried in the See also:chancel of See also:Redgrave See also:church. Reports of Cases determined by Sir John Holt (1681–171o) appeared at London in 1738; and The Judgments delivered in the See also:case of See also:Ashby v. See also:White and others, and in the case of John Poly and others, printed from See also:original See also:MSS., at London (1837). See See also:Burnet's Own Times; Taller, No. xiv.; a See also:Life, published in 1764; Welsby, Lives of Eminent English Judges of the 17th and 18th Centuries (1846); See also:Campbell's Lives of the Lord Chief Justices; and See also:Foss, Lives Of the Judges.

End of Article: HOLT, SIR JOHN (1642–1710)

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