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JOHN STEWART

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 850 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:STEWART , 4th See also:earl of See also:Atholl, in the Stewart See also:line (d. 1K79), son of John, 3rd earl, and of Grizel, daughter of See also:Sir John Rattray, succeeded his See also:father in 1542. He supported the See also:government of the See also:queen See also:dowager, and in 156o was one of the three nobles who voted in See also:parliament against the See also:Reformation and the See also:Confession of Faith, and declared their adherence to See also:Roman Catholicism. Subsequently, however, he joined the See also:league against See also:Huntly, whom with See also:Murray and See also:Morton he defeated at Corrichie in See also:October 1562, and he supported the projected See also:marriage of See also:Elizabeth with See also:Arran. On the arrival of See also:Mary from See also:France in 1561 he was appointed one of the twelve privy councillors, and on See also:account of his See also:religion obtained a greater See also:share of the queen's favour than either Murray or See also:Maitland. He was one of the See also:principal supporters of the marriage with See also:Darnley, became the See also:leader of the Roman See also:Catholic nobles, and with See also:Lennox obtained the See also:chief See also:power in the government, successfully protecting Mary and Darnley from Murray's attempts to regain his ascendancy by force of arms. According to See also:Knox he openly attended See also:mass in the queen's See also:chapel, and was especially trusted by Mary in her project of reinstating Roman Catholicism. The fortress of Tantallon was placed in his keeping, and in 1565 he was made See also:lieutenant of the See also:north of See also:Scotland. He is described the same See also:year by the See also:French See also:ambassador as " tres See also:grand catholique hardi et vaillant et remuant, comme 1'on dict, mais de nul 850 jugement et experience." He had no share in the murders of See also:Rizzio or Darnley, and after the latter See also:crime in 1567, he joined the See also:Protestant lords against Mary, appeared as one of the leaders against her at Carberry See also:Hill, and afterwards approved of her imprisonment at Lochleven See also:Castle. In See also:July he was See also:present at the See also:coronation of See also:James, and was included in the See also:council of regency on Mary's See also:abdication. He, however, was not present at Langside in May 1568, and in July became once more a supporter of Mary, voting for her See also:divorce from See also:Bothwell (1569). In See also:March 1570 he signed with other lords the See also:joint See also:letter to Elizabeth asking for the queen's intercession and supporting Mary's claims, and was present at the See also:convention held at See also:Linlithgow in See also:April in opposition to the See also:assembly of the See also:king's party at See also:Edinburgh.

In 1574 he was proceeded against as a Roman Catholic and threatened with See also:

excommunication, subsequently holding a See also:conference with the ministers and being allowed till midsummer to overcome his scruples. He had failed in 1572 to prevent Morton's See also:appointment to the regency, but in 1578 he succeeded with the earl of See also:Argyll in See also:driving him from See also:office. On the 24th of March James took the government into his own hands and dissolved the regency, and Atholl and Argyll, to the exclusion of Morton, were made members of the council, while on the 29th Atholl was appointed See also:lord See also:chancellor. Subsequently, on the 24th of May, Morton succeeded in getting into See also:Stirling Castle and in regaining his guardianship of James. Atholl and Argyll, who were now corresponding with See also:Spain in hopes of assistance from that See also:quarter, then advanced to Stirling with a force of 7000 men, when a See also:compromise was arranged, the three earls being 'all included in the government. While on his way from a banquet held on the 20th of April 1579 on the occasion of the reconciliation, Atholl was seized with sudden illness, and died on the 25th, not without strong suspicions of See also:poison. He was buried at St See also:Giles's See also:cathedral in Edinburgh. He married (1) Elizabeth, daughter of See also:George See also:Gordon, 4th earl of Huntly, by whom he had two daughters, and (2) See also:Margaret, daughter of See also:Malcolm See also:Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming, by whom, besides three daughters, he had John, 5th earl of Atholl, at whose See also:death in 1595 the earldom in See also:default of male heirs reverted to the See also:crown.

End of Article: JOHN STEWART

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