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See also:SCHAFF, See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
PHILIP (1819-1893) , See also:American theologian and See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church historian, was See also:born in Chur, See also:Switzerland, on the 1st of See also:January 1819. He was educated at the gymnasium of See also:Stuttgart, and at the See also:universities of See also:Tubingen, See also:Halle and See also:Berlin, where he was successively influenced by See also:Baur and Schmid, by See also:Tholuck and See also:Julius See also:- MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
- MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
- MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
- MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
- MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
- MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
- MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
- MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
- MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
- MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)
Muller, by See also:Strauss and, above all, See also:Neander. In 1842 he was Privatdozent in the university of Berlin, and in 1843 he was called to become See also:professor of church See also:history and Biblical literature in the See also:German Reformed Theological See also:Seminary of Mercersburg, See also:Pennsylvania, then the only seminary of that church in See also:America. On his See also:journey he stayed six months in See also:England and met See also:Pusey and other Tractarians. His inaugural address on The Principle of Protestantism, delivered in German at See also:Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1844, and published in German with an See also:English version by J. W. See also:Nevin (q.v.), by its Neander-like view that Romanism and Protestantism were only stages in the divinely appointed development of the See also:Christian Church, aroused fierce opposition in the Reformed Church and Schaff was characterized as " Puseyistic " and " semi-papistical "; in 1845 he was tried for See also:heresy and found not guilty by the See also:Synod. Opposition to him soon died out within his own See also:denomination: it was more particularly directed against his polemic See also:champion, Nevin, and it had its source more in the Dutch (than in the German) Reformed Church, and even there was confined more to the New See also:Brunswick school (i.e. the church-men of the Dutch Reformed Theological Seminary in New Brunswick, New See also:Jersey) and its English and Scottish members, —as See also:late as 1856 J. J. Janeway of New Brunswick published his Antidote to the See also:Poison of Popery in the Writings and Conduct of Professors Nevin and Schaff. Schaff's broad views strongly influenced the German Reformed Church, through his teaching at Mercersburg, through his championship of English in German Reformed churches and See also:schools in America, through his hymnal (1859), through his labours as chairman of the See also:committee which prepared a new See also:liturgy, and by his edition (1863) of the See also:Heidelberg See also:Catechism. His History of the Apostolic Church (in German, 1851; in English, 1853) and his History of the Christian Church (7 vols., 1858–189o), opened a new See also:period in American study of ecclesiastical history. After 1864 his See also:home was in New See also:York See also:City, where he was until 1869 secretary of the New York See also:Sabbath Committee (which fought the " See also:continental See also:Sunday "), and was corresponding secretary of the American Evangelical See also:Alliance, of which he was in 1866 a founder. In 1865 he founded the first German Sunday School in Stuttgart. In 1862–1867 he lectured on church history at See also:Andover, and after 1869 taught at the See also:Union Theological Seminary—as instructor in church history in 1869–187o, and professor of theological cyclopaedia and Christian symbolism in 1870-1873, of See also:Hebrew and cognate See also:languages in 1873–1874, of sacred literature in 1874–1887, and of church history in 1887–1893. The English See also:Bible Revision Committee in 1870 requested him to See also:form a co-operating American Committee, of which he became See also:president in 1871. He died in New York City on the loth of See also:October 1893. Working with the Evangelical Alliance and the See also:Chicago (1893) See also:World's See also:Parliament of Religions, and in See also:Germany, through the monthly Kirchenfreund, he strove earnestly to promote Christian unity and union; and it was his See also:hope that the See also:pope would abandon the See also:doctrine of See also:infallibility and undertake the See also:reunion of See also:Christianity. He recognized that he was a " mediator between German and Anglo-American See also:theology and Christianity "; his theology was broad rather than definite, though he sharply dissented. from Nevin's mystical doctrine of the union in the See also:eucharist of the believer with See also:Christ's glorified See also:body as well as His glorified soul. He edited (1864–188o) the American See also:translation and revision of See also:Lange's Bibelwerk, the See also:great Schaff-See also:Herzog See also:Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge (1884, 3rd ed. 1891); the first seven volumes of the Nicene and See also:Post-Nicene Church Fathers in English (1886–1894); and the See also:International Illustrated Commentary on the New Testament (4 vols., 1899–1883) and the International Revision Commentary (5 vols. 1881–1884), as far as the See also:Epistle to See also:Romans. His Bibliotheca symbolica ecclesiae universalist the See also:Creeds of Christendom (3 vols. 1877, 6th ed. 1893)was a See also:pioneer See also:work in English in the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field of symbolics. His History of the Christian Church, already mentioned, resembled Neander's work, though less See also:biographical, and was pictorial rather than philosophical. He wrote, besides, See also:biographies, catechisms and hymnals for See also:children, manuals of religious See also:verse, lectures and essays on See also:Dante, &c.
His son, See also:DAVID See also:SCHLEY SCHAFF (1852– ), was professor of church history in See also:Lane Theological Seminary in 1897–1903, and after 1903 in Western Theological Seminary at See also:Allegheny, Pa. He wrote a Commentary on the See also:Book of Acts (1882) and a See also:Life of Philip Schaff (New York, 1897).
End of Article: SCHAFF, PHILIP (1819-1893)
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