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ALLEGHENY

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 689 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ALLEGHENY , formerly a See also:

city of Allegheny See also:county, See also:Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on the N. See also:bank of the Allegheny and See also:Ohio See also:rivers, opposite See also:Pittsburg; since 1907 a See also:part of Pittsburg. Pop. (18go) 105,287; (1900) 129,896, of whom 30,216 were See also:foreign-See also:born and 3315 were negroes; of the foreign-born 12,022 were from See also:Germany, 5070 from See also:Ireland, 3929 from See also:Austria, and 2177 from See also:England; (1906, estimate) 145,240. Allegheny is served by the See also:Baltimore & Ohio and the Pittsburg & Western See also:railways, by the Pittsburg, Ft. See also:Wayne & See also:Chicago, the Western Pennsylvania, the See also:Buffalo & Allegheny Valley, the See also:Cleveland & Pittsburg, the See also:Erie & Pittsburg, the Pittsburg, See also:Youngstown & See also:Ashtabula, and the See also:Chautauqua divisions of the Pennsylvania railway See also:system, and by Ohio See also:river See also:freight and passenger boats. Extending along the river fronts for about 62 m. are numerous large manufactories and the headquarters of the See also:shipping interests; farther back are the See also:mercantile quarters and public buildings; and on the hills beyond are the See also:residence districts, commanding extensive views of the valley. Two of the See also:principal thorough-fares, Federal and Ohio streets, intersect at a central square, in which are the city See also:hall, public library, See also:post See also:office and the See also:market-See also:place; and surrounding the See also:main business See also:section on the E., N. and W. is City See also:Park of See also:roc acres, with lakes and fountains, and monuments to the memory of See also:Alexander von See also:Humboldt, See also:George See also:Washington and T. A. See also:Armstrong. Farther out is Riverview Park (219 acres), in which is the Allegheny Astronomical See also:Observatory, and elsewhere are a soldiers' See also:monument and a monument (erected by See also:Andrew See also:Carnegie) in memory of See also:Colonel Johnes See also:Anderson. In Allegheny are the following institutions of higher learning:—the Allegheny Theological See also:Seminary (See also:United Presbyterian), opened in 1825; the Western Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian See also:Church, opened in 1827; and the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Presbyterians, opened in 1856. There is a See also:fine Carnegie library with a See also:music-hall.

Among penal and charitable institutions are the See also:

Riverside See also:State See also:Penitentiary, three hospitals, three homes for orphans, a See also:home for the friendless and an See also:industrial school. Six See also:bridges spanning the river and electric lines See also:crossing them have brought Allegheny into See also:close industrial and social relations with the main part of Pittsburg, and on the hills of Allegheny are beautiful homes of wealthy men. As a manufacturing centre Allegheny was outranked in 1905 by only two cities in the state—Philadelphia and Pittsburg; among the more important of its large variety of manufactures are the products of slaughtering and See also:meat-packing establishments, See also:iron and See also:steel See also:rolling See also:mills, the products of foundries and See also:machine-shops, pickles, preserves and sauces, the products of railway-construction and repair shops, locomotives, structural iron and plumbers' supplies. In 1905 the See also:total value of Allegheny's factory products was $45,830,272; this showed an apparent decrease (exceeded by one city only) of $7,365,106, from the product-value of 1900, but the decrease was partly due to the more careful See also:census of 1905, in which there were not the duplications of certain items which occurred in the 1900 census. But in the five years there was a decrease of 3865 in the See also:average number of wage-earners, and the iron and steel output was much less. In 1905 Allegheny ranked first among the cities of the United States in the manufacture of pickles, preserves and sauces, the product ($6,216,778) being 20.9% of that for the whole See also:country. An important See also:industry is the shipment of See also:coal, especially on See also:barges down the Ohio. Allegheny was laid out in 1788 on a portion of a See also:tract which the state had previously reserved opposite Pittsburg, with a view to bringing some valuable See also:land into the market for the See also:payment of its soldiers' claims. When ordered by the state to be laid out, it was also named as the site of the county-seat of the newly erected county of Allegheny, but the opposition of Pittsburg was so strong that by a supplementary See also:act in the following See also:year that See also:town was made the county-seat. In 1828 Allegheny was incorporated as a See also:borough and in 184o it was chartered as a city. The city suffered severely in 1874 from a See also:fire started by a fire-See also:cracker on the 4th of See also:July and from a See also:flood caused by a See also:great See also:rain-See also:storm on the 26th of the same See also:month, but these calamities were followed by years of great prosperity and rapid growth. In 1906 the question of uniting Allegheny with Pittsburg under one municipal See also:government was submitted to a See also:joint See also:vote of the electorate of the two cities, in accordance with an act of the state legislature, which had been passed in See also:February of that year, and a large See also:majority voted for the See also:union; but there was determined opposition in Allegheny, every See also:ward of the city voting in the negative; the constitutionality of the act was challenged; the supreme See also:court of the state on the 1th of See also:March 1907 declared the act valid, and on the 18th of See also:November 1907 this decision was affirmed by the Supreme Court of the United States.

See J. E. Parke, Recollections of Seventy Years and See also:

Historical Gleanings of Allegheny, Pennsylvania (See also:Boston, 1886).

End of Article: ALLEGHENY

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