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See also:TAVERNIER, See also:JEAN See also:BAPTISTE (1605-1689) , See also:French traveller and See also:pioneer of See also:trade with See also:India, was See also:born in 1605 at See also:Paris, where his See also:father See also:Gabriel and See also:uncle Melchior, Protestants from See also:Antwerp, pursued the profession of geographers and engravers. The conversations he heard in his father's
See also:house inspired Tavernier with an See also:early See also:desire to travel, and in his sixteenth See also:year he had already visited See also:England, the See also:Low Countries and See also:Germany, and seen something of See also:war with the imperialist See also:Colonel Hans See also:Brenner, whom he met at See also:Nuremberg. Four and a See also:half years in the See also:household of Brenner's uncle, the See also:viceroy of See also:Hungary (1624-29), and a briefer. connexion in 1629 with the See also:duke of See also:Rethel and his father the duke of See also:Nevers, See also:prince of See also:Mantua, gave him the See also:habit of courts, which was invaluable to him in later years; and at the See also:defence of Mantua in 1629, and in Germany in the following year with Colonel See also:Walter See also:- BUTLER
- BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
- BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
- BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
- BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
- BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
- BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
- BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
- BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
- BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
- BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
- BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
- BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)
Butler (afterwards notorious through the See also:death of See also:Wallenstein), he gained some military experience. When he See also:left Butler to view the See also:diet of Ratisbon in 1630, he had seen See also:Italy, See also:Switzerland, Germany, See also:Poland and Hungary, as well as See also:France, England and the Low Countries, and spoke the See also:principal See also:languages of these countries. He was now eager to visit the See also:East; and at Ratisbon he found the opportunity to join two French fathers, M. de Chapes and M. de St Liebau, who had received a See also:mission to the See also:Levant. In their See also:company he reached See also:Constantinople early in 1631, where he spent eleven months, and then proceeded by See also:Tokat, See also:Erzerum and See also:Erivan to See also:Persia. His farthest point in this first See also:journey was Ispahan; he returned by See also:Bagdad, See also:Aleppo, See also:Alexandretta, See also:Malta and Italy, and was again in Paris in 1633. Of the next five years of his See also:life nothing is known with certainty, but it was probably during this See also:period that he became controller of the household of the duke of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans. In See also:September 1638 he began a second journey (1638-43) by Aleppo to Persia, and thence to India as far as See also:Agra and See also:Golconda. His visit to the See also:court of the See also:Great See also:Mogul and to the See also:diamond mines was connected with the plans realized more fully in his later voyages, in which Tavernier travelled as a See also:merchant of the highest See also:rank, trading in costly jewels and other See also:precious wares, and finding his See also:chief customers among the greatest princes of the East. The second journey was followed by four others. In his third (1643-49) he went as far as See also:Java, and returned by the Cape; but his relations with the Dutch proved not wholly satisfactory, and a See also:long lawsuit on his return yielded but imperfect redress. In his last three journeys (1651-55, 1657-62, 1664-68) he did not proceed beyond India. The details of these voyages are often obscure; but they completed an extraordinary knowledge of the routes of overland Eastern trade, and brought the now famous merchant into See also:close and friendly communication with the greatest See also:Oriental potentates. They also secured for him a large See also:fortune and great reputation at See also:home. He was presented to See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV., " in whose service he had travelled sixty thousand leagues by See also:land," received letters of See also:nobility (on the 16th of See also:February 1669), and in the following year See also:purchased the See also:barony of Aubonne, near See also:Geneva. In 1662 he had married Madeleine Goisse, daughter of a Parisian jeweller.
Thus settled in ease and affluence, Tavernier occupied him-self, as it would seem at the desire of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, in See also:publishing the See also:account of his journeys. He had neither the equipment nor the tastes of a scientific traveller, but in all that referred to See also:commerce his knowledge was vast and could not fail to be of much public service. He set to See also:work therefore with the aid of See also:Samuel Chappuzeau, a French See also:Protestant litterateur, and produced a Nouvelle Relation de l'Interieur du Serail du See also:Grand Seigneur (4to, Paris, 1675), based on two visits to Constantinople in his first and See also:sixth journeys. This was followed by Le Six Voyages de J. B. Tavernier (2 vols. 4to, Paris, 1676) and by a supplementary Recueil de Plusieurs Relations (4to, Paris, 1679), in which he was assisted by a certain La Chapelle. This last contains an account of See also:Japan, gathered from merchants and others, and one of See also:Tongking, derived from the observations of his See also:brother See also:Daniel, who had shared his second voyage and settled at See also:Batavia; it contained also a violent attack on the agents of the Dutch East India Company, at whose hands Tavernier had suffered more than one wrong. This attack was elaborately answered in Dutch by H. See also:van Quellenburgh (Vindicix Batavicce, Amst., 1684), but made more See also:noise because See also:Arnauld See also:drew from it some material unfavourable to
Protestantism for his Apologie pour See also:les Catholiques (1681), and so brought on the traveller a ferocious onslaught in See also:Jurieu's Esprit de M. Arnauld (1684). Tavernier made no reply to, Jurieu; he was in fact engaged in weightier matters, for in 1684 he travelled to See also:Berlin at the invitation of the Great Elector, who commissioned him to organize an Eastern trading company—a project never realized. The closing years of Tavernier's life are obscure; the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time was not favourable for a Protestant, and it has even been supposed that he passed some time in the See also:Bastille. What is certain is that he left Paris for Switzerland in 1687, that in 1689 he passed through See also:Copenhagen on his way to Persia through Muscovy, and that in the same year he died at See also:Moscow. It appears that he had still business relations in the East, and that the neglect of these by his See also:nephew, to whom they were
intrusted, had determined the indefatigable old See also:man to a fresh journey.
Tavernier's travels, though often reprinted and translated, have two defects: the author uses other men's material without distinguishing it from his own observations; and the narrative is much confused by his See also:plan of often deserting the See also:chronological See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order and giving instead notes from various journeys about certain routes. The latter defect, it is true, while it embarrasses the biographer, is hardly a blemish in view of the See also:object of the writer, who sought mainly to furnish a See also:guide to other merchants. A careful See also:attempt to disentangle the See also:- THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)
thread of a life still in many parts obscure has been made by See also:Charles Joret, Jean Baptiste Tavernier d'aprls See also:des Documents Nouveaux, 8vo, Paris, 1886, where the literature of the subject is fully given
See also an See also:English See also:translation of Tavernier's account of his travels so far as See also:relating to India, by V. See also:Ball, 2 vols. (1889).
End of Article: TAVERNIER, JEAN BAPTISTE (1605-1689)
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