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See also:UNITED PRESBYTERIAN See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
CHURCH (of See also:Scotland) . This Presbyterian organization, merged since 1900 in the United See also:Free Church of Scotland (see above), was formed in 1847 by the See also:union of the United See also:Secession and See also:Relief Churches.
The See also:general causes which led to the first See also:great secession from the Church of Scotland, as by See also:law established in 1688, are indicated • in the See also:article SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF. Untied Its immediate occasion See also:rose out of an See also:act of See also:assembly secession of 1732, which abolished the last remnant of church. popular See also:election by enacting that, in cases where patrons
might neglect or decline to exercise their right of presentation the See also:minister was to be chosen, not by the See also:congregation, but only by the elders and See also:Protestant heritors. The act itself had been passed by the assembly, although the presbyteries to which it had been previously submitted as an See also:overture had disapproved of it by a large See also:majority; and in accordance with a previous act (1730), which had taken away even the right of complaint, the protests of the dissentient majority were refused. In the following See also:October Ebenezer See also:Erskine (q.v.), minister of See also:Stirling, preached a See also:synod See also:sermon, in the course of which he took occasion to refer to the act in question as in his See also:opinion unscriptural and unconstitutional.' Some of his expressions were objected to by members of synod, and it was resolved that he should be censured for them. This See also:judgment, on See also:appeal, was affirmed by the assembly in May 1733, whereupon Erskine protested to the effect that he held himself still at See also:liberty to See also:teach the same truths and to testify against the same or similar evils on every proper occasion. This protest, in which he was joined by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:- WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
- WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
- WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
- WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
- WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
- WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
- WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
- WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
- WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
- WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
- WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
- WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
- WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
- WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
- WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )
Wilson (169o—1741), See also:Alexander Moncrieff (1695—1761) and See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Fisher (1697-1775), ministers at See also:Perth, See also:Abernethy and Kinclaven respectively, was regarded by the assembly as contumacious, and the See also:commission of assembly was ordered to procure its retractation or to proceed to higher censures. In See also:November accordingly the protesting ministers were severed from their charges, their churches declared vacant, and all ministers of the Church prohibited from employing them in any ministerial See also:function. They replied by protesting that they still adhered to the principles of the Church, though now obliged to " make a secession from the prevailing party in ecclesiastical courts."
In See also:December 1733 they constituted themselves into a See also:presbytery, but for some See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time their meetings were devoted al-most entirely to See also:prayer and religious conferences. In 1734 they published their first " testimony," with a statement of the grounds of their secession, which made prominent reference to the doctrinal laxity of previous general assemblies. In 1736 they proceeded to exercise " judicial See also:powers " as a church See also:court, published a " judicial testimony," and began to organize churches in various parts of the See also:country. Having been joined by four other ministers, including the well-known See also:Ralph Erskine, they appointed Wilson See also:professor of divinity. For these acts proceeding. were again instituted against them in the assembly, with the result that, having disowned the authority of that See also:body in an " act of declinature," there were in 1740 all deposed and ordered to be ejected from their churches. Meanwhile the members of the " See also:Associate Presbytery " and its adherents steadily increased, until in 1745 there were See also:forty-five congregations under its See also:jurisdiction, and it was reconstituted into an " Associate Synod." A violent controversy arose the same See also:year respecting the religious clause of the See also:oath taken by burgesses in See also:Edinburgh, See also:Glasgow and Perth (" I profess and allow with my See also:heart the true See also:religion presently professed within this See also:realm and authorized by the See also:laws thereof "), and resulted in See also:April 1747 in a " See also:breach," when two bodies wexe formed, each claiming to be the " Associate Synod "; those who condemned the See also:- SWEARING (O. Eng. swerian, to swear, originally to speak aloud, cf. andswerian, to answer, Ger. schworen, Dan. svaerge, &c., all from root sorer-, to make a sound, cf. " swarm," properly the buzzing of bees, Lat. susurrus)
swearing of the See also:burgess oath as sinful came to be popularly known as "Antiburghers," while the other party, who contended that See also:abstinence from it should not be made a See also:term of communion, were designated " Burghers." The Antiburghers not only re-fused to hold further friendly See also:conference with the others, but ultimately went so far as to pass sentences of deposition and the greater See also:excommunication on the Erskines and other ministers who held the opposing view. The Associate (Antiburgher) Synod held its first See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting in Edinburgh in the See also:house of See also:Adam See also:Gib (q.v.) on the loth of April 1747. It See also:grew with considerable rapidity, and in 1788 had ninety-four settled charges in Great See also:Britain and nineteen in See also:Ireland, besides a presbytery in See also:America.
End of Article: UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH (of Scotland)
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