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See also:WEDGWOOD, See also:JOSIAH (1730-1795) , the most distinguished of See also:English manufacturers of pottery, came of a See also:family many members of which had been established as potters in See also:Stafford-See also:shire throughout the 17th See also:century and had played a notable See also:part in the development of the See also:infant See also:industry. Dr See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Wedgwood of See also:Burslem was one of the best of the See also:early See also:salt-glaze potters. Josiah, See also:born in 1730, was the youngest See also:child of another Thomas Wedgwood, who owned a small but thriving pottery in Burslem. At a very early See also:age he distinguished himself by keen See also:powers of observation and See also:interest in all that was curious and beautiful. Soon after the See also:death of his See also:father in 1739, Josiah, then scarcely ten years of age, was taken away from school and set to learn the See also:art of " throwing " See also:clay, i.e. shaping pottery vessels on the thrower's See also:wheel, at which he soon became extraordinarily skilful.
In 1744 he was apprenticed to his eldest See also:brother, who had succeeded to the management of his father's pottery; and in1752, shortly after the See also:term of his See also:apprenticeship had expired, he became manager of a small pottery at Stoke-upon-See also:Trent, known as See also:Alder's pottery, at a very moderate See also:salary. Within a See also:year or two he became junior partner with Thomas Whieldon of See also:Fenton, then the cleverest See also:master-See also:potter in See also:Staffordshire. Many of Whieldon's apprentices afterwards became noted potters, and there can be little doubt that Wedgwood gained greatly at this See also:period of his See also:life by his association with Whieldon. But he was too See also:original to remain See also:long content with a subordinate position, and the pottery business was developing so rapidly that he had every inducement to commence See also:work on his own See also:account.
In 1759 he leased the See also:Ivy See also:House pottery in Burslem from some relatives, and like a sensible See also:man he continued to make only such pottery as was being made at the period by his See also:fellow-manufacturers. Salt-glaze and See also:green and yellow glaze seem to have been his first staples. In 1762 he also leased the See also:Brick-House, See also:alias " See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
Bell " See also:works, at Burslem. The See also:fine See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white English earthenware was just reaching perfection, and Wedgwood was soon one of its best-known makers. He was most active and energetic in his efforts, not only for the improvement of Stafford-shire pottery, but almost equally so for the improvement of See also:turnpike roads, the construction of a See also:canal (the Trent & See also:Mersey) and the See also:founding of See also:schools and chapels. Almost the first step in his public career outside his native See also:district was the presentation of a service of his improved cream-coloured earthenware to See also:Queen See also:Charlotte in 1762. The new See also:ware was greatly appreciated, and Wedgwood was appointed potter to the queen and afterwards to the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king. He gave the name of Queen's Ware to his productions of this class, and this judicious royal patronage awarded to a most deserving manufacturer undoubtedly helped Wedgwood greatly. Having laid the See also:foundations of a successful business in his admirable domestic pottery—the best the See also:world had ever seen up to that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time—he turned his See also:attention to See also:artistic pottery, and the See also:European See also:renaissance of classic a,rt—fostered by the See also:discovery of See also:Pompeii and the recovery of See also:Greek painted vases from the See also:ancient See also:graves in See also:Campania and other parts of See also:Italy—being at its height it was natural that Wedgwood should turn to such a source of See also:inspiration. Although every European See also:country was affected by this neo-classical revival it may be claimed that See also:England absorbed it more completely than any other country, for the See also:brothers See also:Adam (the architects) and Josiah Wedgwood brought it into See also:absolute See also:correspondence with See also:modern tastes and ideas. Wedgwood was particularly successful in this direction, for his " dry " bodies—some of which, like the See also:black and See also:cane bodies, had long been known in the district, others, such as the famous See also:Jasper bodies, which he invented after years of laborious effort—See also:- LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")
lent themselves particularly well to the See also:reproduction of designs based on the later phases of Greek art. If our increased appreciation and knowledge of Greek and See also:Roman art makes us at times impatient with the See also:mechanical perfection of the works of Wedgwood and his contemporaries, the See also:fault is even more the fault of a nation and a period than that of any individual, however commanding. It will always remain to Wedgwood's See also:credit that he was the most successful and original potter the world has ever seen—the only one, through all the centuries, of whom it can be truthfully said that the whole subsequent course of pottery manufacture has been influenced by his skill.
Of the externals of his life a few facts will suffice. He married his See also:cousin, Sarah Wedgwood, in 1764, and they had a numerous family of sons and daughters. One of these daughters was the See also:mother of the famous naturalist See also:Charles See also:Darwin. Some time after his See also:marriage (viz. 1768) he entered into a See also:partnership with Thomas See also:Bentley of See also:Liverpool, a man of considerable See also:taste and culture. Bentley, who was a handsome, courtly man, attended largely to the See also:London sales. In 1769 they opened splendid new works, near See also:Hanley, that with their classic leanings they christened " See also:Etruria." They continued a practice of Wedgwood's in employing able artists to produce designs, and the most famous of these was See also:John See also:Flaxman, whose name will for ever be associated with the See also:firm's productions. Bentley died in 178o and Wedgwood
remained See also:sole owner of the Etruria works until 1790, when he took some of his sons and a See also:nephew, named Byerley, into partner-See also:ship. He died on the 3rd of See also:January 1795, See also:rich in honours and in See also:friends, for besides being a See also:great potter he was a man of high moral See also:worth, and was associated with many noted men of his time, amangst whom should be mentioned See also:Sir See also:Joseph See also:Banks, Joseph See also:Priestley and See also:Erasmus Darwin. His descendants have carried on the business at Etruria to this See also:day, and have lately established at the works a Wedgwood museum of great interest.
See See also:CERAMICS. For detailed accounts of his life see Eliza Metyeard, Life of Wedgwood (1865—1866) ; Jewitt, Life of Wedgwood (1865) ; Rathbone, Old Wedgwood (1893); See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, Josiah Wedgwood: Master-Potter (1894; new ed., 1903); See also:Burton, See also:History and Description of English Earthenware and Stoneware (1904) ; J. C. Wedgwood, A History of the Wedgwood Family (1909). (W.
End of Article: WEDGWOOD, JOSIAH (1730-1795)
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