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BISHOP AUCKLAND

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 4 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BISHOP See also:AUCKLAND , a See also:market See also:town in the Bishop Auckland See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Durham, See also:England, 11 m. S.S.W. of the See also:city of Durham, the junction of several branches of the See also:North Eastern railway. Pop. of See also:urban See also:district (Igor) 11,969. It is beautifully situated on an See also:eminence near the confluence of the See also:Wear and the Gaunless. The See also:parish See also:church is i m. distant, at Auckland St See also:Andrews, a See also:fine cruciform structure, formerly collegiate, in See also:style mainly See also:Early See also:English, but with earlier portions. The See also:palace of the bishops of Durham, which stands at the north-See also:east end of the town, is a spacious and splendid, though irregular See also:pile; The site of the palace was first chosen by Bishop See also:Anthony See also:Beck, in the See also:time of See also:Edward I. The See also:present See also:building covers about 5 acres, and is surrounded by a See also:park of Boo acres. On the Wear 12 m. above Bishop Auckland there is a small and very See also:ancient church at Escomb, massively built and tapering from the bottom upward. It is believed to date from - the 7th See also:century, and some of the stones are evidently from a See also:Roman building, one bearing an inscription. These, no doubt, came from Binchester, a See also:short distance up stream, where remains of a Roman fort (Vinovia) are traceable. It guarded the See also:great Roman north road from See also:York to See also:Hadrian's See also:wall. The See also:industrial See also:population of Bishop Auckland is principally employed in the neighbouring collieries and See also:iron See also:works.

BISHOP'S See also:

CASTLE, a market town and municipal See also:borough in the See also:southern parliamentary division of See also:Shropshire, England; the See also:terminus of the Bishop's Castle See also:light railway from See also:Craven Arms. Pop. (1901) 1378. It is pleasantly situated in a hilly district to the east of Clun See also:Forest, climbing the flank and occupying the See also:summit of an eminence. Of the castle of the bishops of See also:Hereford, which gave the town its name, there are only the slightest fragments remaining. The town has some agricultural See also:trade. It is governed by a See also:mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors. See also:Area, 1867 acres. - - - Bishop's Castle was included in the See also:manor of Lydbury, which belonged to the church of Hereford before the See also:Conquest., The castle, at first called Lydbury Castle, was built by one of the bishops of Hereford between 1085 and 1154, to protect his manor from the Welsh, and the town which sprang up See also:round the castle walls acquired the name of Bishop's Castle in the 13th century. In 1292 the bishop claimed to have a market every See also:Friday, a See also:fair on the See also:eve, See also:day and 1 The See also:title See also:prince-bishop, attached in See also:Austria to the See also:sees of See also:Laibach, Seckau, Gurk, See also:Brixen, See also:Trent and Lavant, and in See also:Prussia to that of See also:Breslau, no longer implies any See also:secular See also:jurisdiction, but is merely a title of See also:honour recognized by the See also:state, owing either to the importance of the sees pr for reasons purely See also:historical.morrow of the Decollation of St See also:John, and See also:assize of See also:bread and See also:ale in Bishop's Castle, which his predecessors had held from time immemorial. Ten years later he received a See also:grant from See also:Richard II. of a market every Wednesday and a fair on the 2nd of See also:November and two days following. Although the town was evidently a borough by the 13th century, since the burgesses are mentioned as early as 1292, it has no See also:charter earlier than the See also:incorporation charter granted by See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth in 1572.

This was confirmed by See also:

James I. in 1617 and by James II. in 1688. In 1584 Bishop's Castle returned two members to See also:parliament, and was represented until 1832, whets it was disfranchised.

End of Article: BISHOP AUCKLAND

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