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CASCADE MOUNTAINS , a continuation northward of the Sierra See also:Nevada, some 500 M. across the states of See also:Oregon and See also:Washington, U.S.A., into See also:British See also:Columbia. In See also:American territory the range lies from See also:loo to 150 M. from the See also:coast.- The Cascades are separated on the S. from the Sierras by deep valleys near Mt. Shasta in See also:California, while on the N., somewhat below the See also:international boundary of 490 N., they approach the See also:northern Rockies, mingling with these in inextricable confusion, although their name is given also to the much-broken, See also:river-dissected, central See also:mountain See also:plateau that crosses British Columbia from S.E. to N.W. Geologically the Sierras and Cascades are very different, though their exact relations are not yet clearly determined; topographically they are also different. The Cascades are in See also:general a comparatively See also:low, broad See also:mass surmounted by a number of imposing peaks in Oregon and Washington. Especially See also:north of the Columbia river, the range widens out into a plateau. There are no notable elevations in British Columbia. Evidences of volcanic activity in comparatively See also:recent geologic See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time are abundant throughout the length of the range, and all the highest summits are volcanic cones, covered with See also:snow See also:fields and, in a number of instances, with glaciers. The grandest peaks are Shasta (14,380 ft.) at the See also:southern end, and Rainier (or See also:Tacoma, 14,363 ft.) in Washington, two of the most magnificent mountains of See also:America. Other notable summits are Mt. See also:Pitt (076o), Mt. See also:Scott (9122), See also:Diamond See also:Peak (8807), Mt. Thielsen (9250), Mt. See also:Jefferson (10,200) and Mt. See also:Hood (11,225), in Oregon; and See also:Stuart (947o), St Helens (ro,000), See also:Baker (10,827) and See also:- ADAMS
- ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
- ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
- ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
- ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
- ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
- ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
- ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
- ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
- ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)
Adams (12,470), in Washington. The See also:Fraser river in the far north, the Columbia at the See also:middle, and the See also:Klamath in the See also:south cut athwart the range to the Pacific, and many See also:minor streams descend the range to swell their See also:waters, while some drain directly from the flanks of the mountains into See also:Puget See also:Sound and See also:- GRAY
- GRAY (or GREY), WALTER DE (d. 1255)
- GRAY, ASA (1810-1888)
- GRAY, DAVID (1838-1861)
- GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)
- GRAY, HENRY PETERS (1819-18/7)
- GRAY, HORACE (1828–1902)
- GRAY, JOHN DE (d. 1214)
- GRAY, JOHN EDWARD (1800–1875)
- GRAY, PATRICK GRAY, 6TH BARON (d. 1612)
- GRAY, ROBERT (1809-1872)
- GRAY, SIR THOMAS (d. c. 1369)
- GRAY, THOMAS (1716-1771)
Gray's Harbor. The Columbia has cut almost to the See also:sea-level through the See also:great mountain mass, the Dalles being only about loo ft. above the 'sea. It is to the Cascades of the tremendous rapids at this point that the mountains owe their name. The slopes of the Cascades, particularly on the See also:west, which has a very much moister See also:climate than the eastern slope, are clothed with magnificent forests, chiefly of coniferous evergreens: firs, See also:pine, tamarack and See also:cedar. The See also:Douglas See also:fir, the " Oregon pine " of See also:commerce, often attaining a height of 250 ft., is one of the most beautiful trees in the See also:world. There are also a variety of See also:deciduous trees, but in the aggregate they are unimportant. In 1910 the mountain forests were largely included in ten See also:national See also:forest reserves, with a See also:total See also:area of nearly 16,000,000 acres, extending from the northern boundary of Washington to the southern boundary of Oregon. The magnificent forest cloak, splendid peaks, great open mountain plateau pastures, and exquisite lakes embosomed in mountain fastnesses and forest gloom,. give variety to the scenery, which is often See also:grand, and throughout the range indescribably beautiful, though perhaps not equal to the Sierra Nevada in splended See also:light and See also:colour. Large game—deer, bears, mountain See also:sheep and goats, wolves and panthers—still abound. Two great railway systems, the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific, See also:cross the Cascades through noteworthy tunnels; that on the former See also:line is 21 M. See also:long, that on the latter a little less than 2 M.
See OREGON and WASHINGTON; also G. O. See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith and F. C. Calkins, A See also:Geological See also:Reconnaissance across the Cascade Range near the See also:Forty-Ninth Parallel (Washington, D.C., 1904), being U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 253.
End of Article: CASCADE MOUNTAINS
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