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See also:CLAUDE OF See also:LORRAINE , See also:count and afterwards 1st See also:duke of See also:Guise (1496—1550), was See also:born on the loth of See also:October 1496. He was educated at the See also:French See also:court, and at seventeen allied himself to the royal See also:house of See also:France by a See also:marriage with Antoinette de See also:Bourbon (1493—1583) daughter of See also:Francois, Count of See also:Vendome. Guise distinguished himself at Marignano (1515), and was See also:long in recovering from the twenty-two wounds he received in the See also:battle; in 1521 he fought at See also:Fuenterrabia, when See also:Louise of See also:Savoy ascribed the See also:capture of the See also:place to his efforts; in 1522 he defended See also:northern France, and forced the See also:English to raise the See also:siege of Hesdin; and in 1523 he obtained the See also:government of See also:Champagne and See also:Burgundy, defeating at See also:Neufchateau theimperial troops who had invaded his See also:province. In 1525 he destroyed the Anabaptist See also:peasant See also:army, which was overrunning Lorraine, at Lupstein, near Saverne (See also:Zabern). On the return of See also:Francis I. from captivity, Guise was erected into a duchy in the See also:peerage of France, though up to this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time only princes of the royal house had held the See also:title of duke and peer of France. The Guises, as cadets of the See also:sovereign house of Lorraine and descendants of the house of See also:Anjou, claimed See also:precedence of the Bourbon princes. Their pretensions and ambitions inspired distrust in Francis I., although he rewarded Guise's services by substantial gifts in See also:land and See also:money. The duke distinguished himself in the See also:Luxemburg See also:campaign in 1542, but for some years before his See also:death he effaced himself before the growing fortunes of his sons. He died on the 12th of See also:April 1550.
He had been supported in all his undertakings and intrigues by his See also:brother See also:JOHN, See also:cardinal of Lorraine (1498—1550), who had been made coadjutor of See also:Metz at the See also:age of three. The cardinal was See also:archbishop of See also:Reims, See also:Lyons and See also:Narbonne, See also:bishop of Metz, See also:Toul, See also:Verdun, Therouanne, Lucon, See also:Albi, See also:Valence, See also:Nantes and See also:Agen, and before he died had squandered most of the See also:wealth which he had derived from these and other benefices. See also:Part of his ecclesiastical preferments he gave up in favour of his nephews. He became a member of the royal See also:council in 1530, and in 1536 was entrusted with an See also:embassy to See also:Charles V. Although a complaisant helper in Francis I.'s pleasures, he was disgraced in 1.542, and retired to See also:Rome. He died at Nogentsur-See also:Yonne on the 18th of May 1550. He was extremely dissolute, but as an open-handed See also:patron of See also:art and learning, as the See also:protector and friend of See also:Erasmus, See also:Marot and See also:Rabelais he did something to See also:counter-See also:balance the See also:general unpopularity of his calculating and avaricious brother.
Claude of Guise had twelve See also:children, among them Francis, 2nd duke of Guise; Charles, 2nd cardinal of Lorraine (1524-1574), who became archbishop of Reims in 1538 and cardinal in 1547; Claude, See also:marquis of See also:Mayenne, duke of See also:Aumale (1526-1573), See also:governor of Burgundy, who married Louise de See also:Breze, daughter of Diane de See also:Poitiers, thus securing a powerful ally for the See also:family; See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis (1527-1578), bishop of See also:Troyes, archbishop of See also:Sens and cardinal of Guise; Rene, marquis of See also:Elbeuf (1536-1566), from whom descended the families of See also:Harcourt, See also:Armagnac, Marsan and See also:Lillebonne; See also:Mary of Lorraine (q.v.), generally known as Mary of Guise, who after the death of her second See also:husband, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James V. of See also:Scotland, acted as See also:regent of Scotland for her daughter Mary, See also:queen of Scots; and Francis (1534-1563), See also:grand See also:prior of the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the Knights of See also:Malta. The solidarity of this family, all the members of which through three generations cheerfully submitted to the authority of the See also:head of the house, made it a formidable See also:factor in French politics.
End of Article: CLAUDE OF LORRAINE
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