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Albania, had adopted a Turkish name (though not that by which he afterwards became so widely known), and was practically naturalized as a Turk. After a visit See also:

home in 1875 he went to See also:

Cairo, and then to See also:

KHARTUM

Khartum, in the See also:

HOVE

hove of an opportunity for travelling in the interior of See also:

Africa. This came to him in the following See also:

YEAR

year, when See also:

General See also:

Charles See also:

George See also:

Gordon, who had recently succeeded See also:

Sir See also:

SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

Baker as governor of the See also:

EQUATORIAL

equatorial provinces of See also:

EGYPT

Egypt, invited Schnitzer, who was now known as " Emin See also:

EFFENDI (a Turkish word, corrupted from the Gr. wive rjr, a lord or master)

Effendi," to join him at Lado on the upper See also:

Nile. Although nominally Gordon's medical officer, Emin was soon entrusted with See also:

POLITICAL

political See also:

MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions of some importance to See also:

UGANDA

Uganda and See also:

UNYORO

Unyoro. In these he acquitted himself so well that when, in 1878, Gordon's successor at Lado was deprived of his See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office on account of malpractices (Gordon himself having been made governor-general of the See also:

SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan), Emin was chosen to fill the post of governor of the Equatorial See also:

Province (i.e. the old equatorial provinces minus the See also:

BAHR

Bahr-el-Ghazal) and given the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of " See also:

BEY (a modern Turk. word, the older form being beg, cf. Pers. baig)

bey." He proved an energetic and enterprising governor; indeed, his enterprise on more than one occasion brought him into conflict with Gordon, who eventually decided to remove Emin to See also:

SUAKIN, or SAWAKIN

Suakin. Before the See also:

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change could be effected, however, Gordon resigned his post in the Sudan, and his successor revoked the See also:

order. The next three or four years were employed by Emin in various journeys through his province, and in the See also:

INITIATION (Lat. inilium, beginning, entrance, from mire, to go in)

initiation of schemes for its development, until in 1882, on his return from a visit to Khartum, he became aware that the Mandist rising, which had originated in See also:

KORDOFAN

Kordofan, was spreading southward.

The effect of the rising was, of course, more markedly See also:

FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt in Emin's province after the See also:

ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")

abandonment of the Sudan by the See also:

EGYPTIAN

Egyptian See also:

government in 1884. He was obliged to give up several of his stations in See also:

FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the Mandist advance, and ultimately to retire from Lado, which had been his See also:

capital, to See also:

WADELAI

Wadelai. This last step followed upon his See also:

RECEIPT (M.E. receite, derived through Fr. from Lat. recepta, participle of recipere, to receive)

receipt of a See also:

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter fom Nubar Pasha, informing him that it was impossible for the Egyptian government to send him help, and that he must stay in his province or retire towards the See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast as best he could. Emin (who about this time was raised to the See also:

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of pasha) had some thoughts of a See also:

RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat to See also:

ZANZIBAR

Zanzibar, but decided to remain where he was and endeavour to hold his own. To this end he carried on protracted negotiations with neighbouring native potentates. When, in 1887, (Sir) H. M. See also:

Stanley's expedition was on its way to relieve him, it is clear from Emin's See also:

DIARY

diary that he had no wish to leave his province, even if relieved. He had done See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

WORK

work there, and established a position which he believed himself able to maintain. He hoped, however, that the presence of Stanley's force, when it came, would strengthen his position; but the See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the relieving party, when it arrived in See also:

APRIL

April 1888, did not seem to Emin to promise this. Stanley's proposal to Emin, as stated in the latter's diary, was that Emin should either ,emain as governor-general on behalf of the See also:

king of the Belgians, or establish himself on See also:

Victoria See also:

NYANZA (from the ancient Bantu root word anza, a river or lake)

Nyanza on behalf of a See also:

GROUP

group of See also:

ENGLISH

English merchants who wished to start an enterprise in Africa on the See also:

MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of the See also:

East See also:

India See also:

COMPANY

Company. After much hesitation, and prompted by a growing disaffection amongst the natives (owing, as he maintained, to his loss of See also:

PRESTIGE

prestige after the arrival of Stanley's force), Emin decided to accompany Stanley to the coast, where the expedition arrived in See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1889.

Unfortunately, on the evening of a reception See also:

DINNER

dinner given in his See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour, Emin met with an See also:

accident which resulted in fracture of the See also:

SKULL

skull. Careful See also:

NURSING

nursing gradually restored him to See also:

HEALTH

health, and on his convalescence he resolutely maintained his decision to remain in Africa, and, if possible, to work there in future on behalf of the German government. The See also:

seal was definitely set upon this decision by his formal engagement on behalf of his native See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, early in 1890. Preparations for a new expedition into the interior were set on See also:

FOOT

foot, and meanwhile Emin was honoured in various ways by learned See also:

SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies in See also:

Germany and elsewhere. The See also:

OBJECT

object of the new expedition was (to quote Emin's instructions) " to secure on behalf of Germany the territories situated See also:

south of and along Victoria Nyanza up to See also:

Albert Nyanza," and to " make known to the See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population there that they were placed under German supremacy and See also:

PROTECTION

protection, and to break or undermine Arab See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence as far as possible." The force, which was well equipped, started at the end of April 1890. But before it had penetrated far inland the political reasons for sending the expedition vanished with the See also:

SIGNATURE (through Fr. from Lat. signature, signare, to sign, signum, mark, token, sign)

signature, on the 1st of See also:

JULY

July 1890, of the Anglo-German agreement defining the See also:

SPHERES, MUSIC OF THE

spheres of influence of the two nations, an agreement which excluded the Albert Nyanza region from the German See also:

SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere. For a time things went well enough with the expedition; Emin occupied the important See also:

TOWN

town of Tabora on the route from the coast to See also:

TANGANYIKA (a name said by V. L. Cameron to signify a " mixing-place ")

Tanganyika and established the post of Bukoba on Victoria Nyanza, but by degrees See also:

ill-See also:

FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune clouded its prospects. Difficulties on the route; dissensions between Emin and the authorities in German East Africa, and misunderstandings on the See also:

PART

part of both; epidemics of disease in Emin's force, followed by a growing spirit of See also:

mutiny among his native followers; an illness of a painful nature which attacked him—all these gradually undermined Emin's courage, and his diaries at the See also:

close of 1891 reflect a gloomy and almost hopeless spirit. In May that year he had crossed into the See also:

CONGO

Congo See also:

State by the south See also:

SHORE

shore of Albert See also:

EDWARD

Edward Nyanza, and many months were spent on the See also:

BORDERS, THE

borders of the See also:

GREAT

great Congo See also:

FOREST

Forest and in the Undusuma country south-See also:

west of Albert Nyanza, breaking ground new to Europeans. In December 1891 he sent off his See also:

COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion, Dr Stuhlmann, with the bulk of the See also:

CARAVAN (more correctly Karwan)

caravan, on the way back to the east coast. Emin remained behind with the sick, and with a very reduced following See also:

LEFT

left the See also:

lake See also:

DISTRICT

district in March 1892 for the Congo See also:

RIVER

river. On reaching Ipoto on the Ituri he came within the region of the Arab slave raiders and See also:

ivory hunters, in whose company he at times travelled.

These gentry were incensed against Emin for the energetic way in which he had dealt with their comrades while in German territory, and against Europeans generally by the See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign for their suppression begun by the Congo State. At the instigation of one of these See also:

ARABS

Arabs Emin was murdered on the 23rd or 24th of See also:

OCTOBER

October 1892 at Kinena, a See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place about 8o m. E.S.E. of Stanley Falls. See Emin Pasha, his Life and Work, by Georg See also:

SCHWEITZER, JEAN BAPTISTA VON (1833–1875)

Schweitzer, with introduction by R. W. Felkin (2 vols., See also:

LONDON

London, 1898); Emin Pasha in Central Africa (London, 1888), a collection of Emin's papers contributed to scientific See also:

JOURNALS

journals; and Mit Emin Pascha ins Herz von Afrika (Berlin, 1894), by Dr See also:

FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

Franz Stuhlmann. See also:

Major G. Casati (1838-1902), an See also:

ITALIAN

Italian officer who spent several years with Emin, and accompanied him and Stanley to the coast, narrated his experiences in Dieci anni in Equatoria (English edition, Ten Years in Equatoria and the Return with Emin Pasha, London, 1891).

End of Article: EMIN PASHA [EDUARD SCHNITZER] (1840-1892)

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