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See also:OTTO III . (980–1002), See also:Roman See also:emperor, son of the emperor Otto II. and See also:Theophano,daughter of the eastern emperor See also:Romanus II., was See also:born in See also:July 98o, chosen as his See also:father's successor at See also:Verona in See also:June 983 and crowned See also:German See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle on the 25th of the following See also:December. Otto II. had died a few days before this ceremony, but the See also:news did not reach See also:Germany until after the See also:coronation. See also:Early in 984 the king was seized by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II., the Quarrelsome, the deposed See also:duke of See also:Bavaria, who claimed the regency as a member of the reigning See also:house, and probably entertained the See also:idea of obtaining the kingly dignity himself. A strong opposition was quickly aroused, and when Theophano and See also:Adelaide, widow of the emperor Otto the See also:Great, appeared in Germany, Henry was compelled to See also:hand over the See also:young king to his See also:mother. Otto's See also:mental gifts were considerable, and were so carefully cultivated by Bernward, afterwards See also:bishop of See also:Hildesheim, and by See also:Gerbert of See also:Aurillac, See also:archbishop of See also:Reims, that he was called " the wonder of the See also:world." The See also:government of Germany during his minority was in the hands of Theophano, and after her See also:death in June 991 passed to a See also:council in which the See also:chief See also:influence was exercised by Adelaide and Willigis, archbishop of See also:Mainz. Having accompanied his troops in expeditions against the Bohemians ,and the See also:Wends, Otto was declared of See also:age in 995. In 996 he crossed the See also:Alps and was recognized as king of the See also:Lombards at See also:Pavia. Before he reached See also:Rome, See also:Pope See also:John XV., who had invited him to See also:Italy, had died, whereupon he raised his own See also:cousin See also:Bruno, son of Otto duke of See also:Carinthia, to the papal See also:chair as Pope See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory V., and by this pontiff Otto was crowned emperor on the 21st of May 996. On his return to Germany, the emperor learned that Gregory had been driven from Rome,' which was again in the See also:power of John Crescentius, patrician of the See also:Romans, and that a new pope, John XVI., had been elected. Leaving his aunt; See also:Matilda, See also:abbess of Quedlinburg, as See also:regent of Germany, Otto, in See also:February 998, led Gregory back to Rome, took the See also:castle of St Angelo by • See also:storm and put Crescentius to death. A visit to See also:southern Italy, where many of the princes did See also:homage to the emperor, was cut See also:short by the death of the pope, to whose chair Otto then appointed his former See also:tutor Gerbert, who took the name of See also:Sylvester II. In the See also:palace which he built on the Avenxine, Otto sought to surround himself with the splendour and ceremonial of the older emperors of Rome, and dreamed of making Rome once more the centre of a universal See also:empire. Many names and customs were introduced into his See also:court from that of See also:Constantinople; he proposed to restore the Roman See also:senate and consulate, revived the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of patrician, called himself " See also:consul of the Roman senate and See also:people " and issued a See also:seal with the inscription, " restoration of the Roman empire." Passing from See also:pride to humility he added " servant of the apostle," and " servant of Jesus See also:Christ " to the imperial See also:title, spent a fortnight in See also:prayer in the grotto of St See also:Clement and did See also:penance in various See also:Italian monasteries. Leaving Italy in the summer preceding the See also:year moo, when it was popularly believed that the end of the world was to come, Otto made a See also:pilgrimage to the See also:tomb of his old friend See also:Adalbert, bishop of See also:Prague, at See also:Gnesen, and raised the See also:city to the dignity of an archbishopric. He then went to Aix, and opened the tomb of See also:Charlemagne, where, according to a legendary See also:tale, he found the See also:body of the great emperor sitting upright upon a See also:throne, wearing the See also:crown and holding the See also:sceptre. Returning to Rome, trouble soon arose between Otto and the citizens, and for three days the emperor was besieged in his palace. After a temporary See also:peace, he fled to the monastery of Classe near See also:Ravenna. Troops were collected, but whilst conducting a See also:campaign against the Romans, Otto died at See also:Paterno near See also:Viterbo on the 23rd of See also:January 1002, and was buried in the See also:cathedral at Aix-la-Chapelle. Tradition
says he was ensnared and poisoned by Stephania, the widow of Crescentius. The mystic erratic temperament of Otto, alternating between the most magnificent schemes of empire and the lowest depths of self-debasement, was not conducive to the welfare of his dominions, and during his reign the conditions of Germany deteriorated. He was liberal to the papacy, and was greatly influenced by the eminent clerics with whom he eagerly associated.
See Thangmar, Vita Bernwardi episcopi Hildesheimensis in the Monumenta Germaniae historica. Scriptores, See also:Band iv. (See also:Hanover and See also:Berlin, 1826 fol.); Lettres de Gerbert, edited by J. See also:Havet (See also:Paris, 1889) ; See also:Die Urkunden Kaisers Ottos III., edited by Th. von Sickel in the Monumenta Germaniae historica. Diplomata (Hanover, i879); R. Wilmans, Jahrbiicher See also:des deutschen Reichs unter Kaiser Otto III. (Berlin, 1837–1840) ; P. Kehr, Die Urkunden Otto III. (See also:Innsbruck, 1890).
End of Article: OTTO III
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