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OTTO II

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 374 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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OTTO II . (955–983), See also:Roman See also:emperor, was the son of the emperor Otto the See also:Great,• by his second wife See also:Adelaide. He received a See also:good See also:education under the care of his See also:uncle, See also:Bruno, See also:archbishop of See also:Cologne, and his illegitimate See also:half-See also:brother, See also:William, archbishop of See also:Mainz. He was chosen See also:German See also:king at See also:Worms in 961, crowned at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle on the 26th of May 961, and on the 25th of See also:December 967 was crowned See also:joint emperor at See also:Rome by See also:Pope See also:John XIII. On the 14th of See also:April 972 he married See also:Theophano, daughter of the eastern emperor See also:Romanus II., and after sharing in various See also:campaigns in See also:Italy, returned to See also:Germany and became See also:sole emperor on the See also:death of his See also:father in May 973. After suppressing a rising in See also:Lorraine, difficulties arose in See also:southern Germany, probably owing to Otto's refusal to See also:grant the duchy of See also:Swabia to See also:Henry II., the Quarrelsome, See also:duke of See also:Bavaria. The first See also:conspiracy was easily suppressed, and in 974 an See also:attempt on the See also:part of Harold III., king of the Danes, to throw off the German yoke was also successfully resisted; but an expedition against the Bohemians led by the king in See also:person in 975 was a partial failure owing to the outbreak of further trouble in Bavaria. In 976 Otto deposed Duke Henry, restored See also:order for the second See also:time in Lorraine, and made another expedition into Bohemia in 977, when King Boleslaus II. promised to return to his earlier See also:allegiance. Having crushed an attempt made by Henry to regain Bavaria, Otto was suddenly attacked by See also:Lothair, king of See also:France, who held Aix in his See also:possession for a few days; but when the emperor retaliated by invading France he met with little resistance. He was, however, compelled by ;sickness among his troops to raise the See also:siege of See also:Paris, and on the return See also:journey the rearguard of his See also:army was destroyed and the baggage seized by the See also:French. An expAtlition against the Poles was followed by See also:peace with France, when Lothair renounced his claim on Lorraine. The emperor then prepared for a journey to Italy.

In Rome, where he restored Pope See also:

Benedict VII., he held a splendid See also:court, attended by princes and nobles from all parts of western See also:Europe. He was next required to punish inroads of the See also:Saracens on the See also:Italian mainland, and in See also:September 981 he marched into See also:Apulia, where he met at first with consider-able success; but an See also:alliance between the See also:Arabs and the Eastern See also:Empire, whose hostility had been provoked by the invasion of Apulia, resulted in a severe defeat on Otto's troops near Stilo in See also:July 982. Without revealing his identity, the emperor escaped on a See also:Greek See also:vessel to See also:Rossano. At a See also:diet held at See also:Verona, largely attended by German and Italian princes, a fresh See also:campaign was arranged against the Saracens. Proceeding to Rome, Otto secured the See also:election of See also:Peter of See also:Pavia as Pope john XIV. Just as the See also:news reached him of a See also:general rising of the tribes on the eastern frontier of Germany, he died in his See also:palace in Rome on the 7th of December 983. He See also:left a son, afterwards the emperor Otto III., and three daughters. He was buried in the See also:atrium of St Peter's, and when the See also:church was rebuilt his remains were removed to the See also:crypt, where his See also:tomb may still be seen. Otto, who is sometimes called the " Red," was a See also:man of small stature, by nature brave and impulsive, and by training an accomplished See also:knight. He was generous to the church and aided the spread of See also:Christianity in many ways. See See also:Die Urkunden See also:des Kaisers Otto II., edited by Th. von Sickel, in the Monumenta Germaniae historica. Diplomata (See also:Hanover, 1879) ; L. von See also:Ranke, Weltgeschichte, Part vii.

(See also:

Leipzig, 1886) ; W. von See also:Giesebrecht, Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit (Leipzig, 1881–189o) ; and Jahrbiicher des deutschen Reichs unter Kaiser Otto II. (See also:Berlin, 1837–184o) ; H. Detmer, Otto II. bis zum Tode seines Vaters (Leipzig, 1878) ; J. Moltmann, Theophano die Gemahlin Ottos II. in ihrer Bedeutung See also:fur die Polilik Ottos I. and Ottos II. (See also:Gottingen, 1878) ; and A. Matthaei, Die See also:Handel Ottos II. nit Lothar von Frankreich (See also:Halle, 1882).

End of Article: OTTO II

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