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PILATE, PONTIUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 603 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PILATE, PONTIUS , the See also:Roman See also:governor of See also:Judaea under whom Jesus See also:Christ suffered crucifixion. Of equestrian See also:rank, his name Pontius suggests a Samnite origin, and his cognomen in the gospels, pileatus (if derived from the pileus or cap of See also:liberty), descent from a freedman. In any See also:case he came in A.U. 26 from the See also:household of Tiberius, through the See also:influence hold where it narrows towards the bows, the fore-See also:peak, or towards the stern, the after-peak, for the See also:top corner of a See also:sail extended by a gaff, or for the projecting end of the gaff itself, and for a pointed or conical top of a See also:hill or See also:mountain. The name of the high table-See also:land See also:district in See also:Derbyshire is not to be connected with this word, but probably retains the name of an old See also:English demon, Peac (see PEAK, THE). See also:PIKE-See also:PERCH (Lucioperca), fresh-See also:water fishes closely allied to the perch, but with strong canine See also:teeth See also:standing between the smaller teeth of the jaws and See also:palate. They resemble the pike in their elongate See also:body and See also:head, and they are also most dangerous enemies to other fresh-water fishes, though they compensate for their destructiveness by the excellent flavour of their flesh. In See also:Europe two See also:species occur, the more celebrated being the " Zander " of See also:North See also:Germany or " Schiel " of the See also:Danube (Lucioperca sandra); See also:strange to say, it is absent in the See also:system of the See also:Rhine. It prefers the quiet See also:waters of large See also:rivers and clear deep lakes, in which it reaches a See also:weight of 25 lb or 30 lb. The second (Lucioperca wolgensis) is limited to rivers in See also:southern See also:Russia and See also:Hungary. In North See also:America several pike-perches have been described, but in the most See also:recent See also:works only two are distinguished, viz. Lucioperca americana, which grows to a weight of 20 lb, and the much smaller Lucioperca canadensis; both are abundant in the See also:Canadian lakes and upper See also:Mississippi, and the latter also in the See also:Ohio.

PIKE'S PEAK, a famous peak of the Rampart range of the Rocky Mountains in El Paso See also:

county, See also:Colorado, U.S.A., about 6 m. W. of Colorado Springs. Though surpassed in See also:altitude (14,r08 ft.) by many summits in the See also:state, no other is so well known. The commanding See also:appearance of the peak is very See also:fine. To the See also:south are See also:Cameron See also:Cone (1o,685 ft.), Mt Sachett, Mt Bald (13,974), Mt See also:Rosa (11,427), and Mt See also:Cheyenne (9407). From the See also:summit the magnificent Sangre de Cristo range is in the foreground, while on a clear See also:day not only its southernmost summit, Blanca Peak (14,390 ft.) is visible, but also the See also:Spanish Peaks (12,708 and 13,623 ft.) Too m. to the south, and See also:Long's Peak too m. to the north, and between them Mt See also:Lincoln, See also:Gray's Peak and other giants. At the See also:base of the mountain are See also:Manitou. and Colorado Springs, whence tourists can make the ascent of the peak (in summer safe and relatively See also:simple) on horseback or by a See also:cog-railway, 8.75 M. long (opened in 1891), which makes a See also:total ascent of 8roo ft. (maximum gradient unwillingly ascended the See also:bema (in this case a portable See also:judgment-seat, brought for the day outside the Praetorium), and in such words as See also:Ibis ad crucem" delivered Him to be crucified." Pilate's See also:place in the See also:Christian tragedy, and perhaps also in the Creed, stimulated See also:legend about him in two directions, equally unhistorical. The See also:Gospel of Nicodemus, written by a Christian (possibly as See also:early, See also:Tischendorf thought, as the See also:middle of the 2nd See also:century), repeats the trial in a dull and diluted way; but adds not only alleged See also:evidence of the Resurrection, but the splendid See also:vision of the descensus ad inferos—the whole professing to be recorded in the Acta Pilati or See also:official records of the governor. The Epistola Pilati gives Pilate's supposed See also:account to Tiberius of the Resurrection; and the Paradosis Pilati relates how Tiberius condemned him and his wife Procla or Procula, both Christian converts. All this culminates in Pilate being canonized in the Abyssinian See also:Church (See also:June 25), and his wife in the See also:Greek (Oct. 27).

On the other See also:

hand the Mors Pilati tells how when condemned by the See also:emperor he committed See also:suicide; and his body, thrown first into the See also:Tiber and then the See also:Rhone, disturbed both waters, and was driven north into " Losania," where it was plunged in the gulf near See also:Lucerne and below Mt See also:Pilatus (originally no- doubt Pileatus or See also:cloud-capped), from whence it is raised every See also:Good See also:Friday to sit and See also:wash unavailing hands. The earlier Pilate literature, to the extent of to See also:treatises, chiefly of the 17th and 18th centuries, is enumerated in G. A. See also:Muller s Pontius Pilatus der fiinfte Prokurator von See also:Jud¢a (See also:Stuttgart, 1888). See in loco in the following English or translated histories of the See also:life or See also:time of Jesus, Theodor See also:Keim, E. Schiirer, A. Edersheim, J. P. See also:Lange, Bernhard See also:Weiss and F. W. See also:Farrar; Expositor (1884) p. 107 and (1900) p.

59; also H. See also:

Peter," Pontius Pilatus, der romische Landpfleger in Judaa," in Neue Jahrb. f. d. kl Altertum (1907). See also:Sir See also:James Fitzjames See also:Stephen, in his Liberty, Equality and Fraternity (1873), p. 87, starts the question, " Was Pilate right in crucifying Christ : " his somewhat paradoxical See also:answer is criticised in The Trial of Jesus Christ, a legal monograph, by A. See also:Taylor Innes (1899). (A. T.

End of Article: PILATE, PONTIUS

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